Saturday, May 23, 2020

Outsider Perspective On Christianity Overview - 1025 Words

Outsider Perspective on Christianity Kaniesha Fleming Intro to Religion Instructor: Douglas Axtell As a project we were told to study a religion from an outsider’s perspective. We, as students, would attend that specific religion’s place of worship to observe their rituals and routines. Then after service we would conduct an interview with the participants to answer our personal questions such as â€Å"Why do they do the things they do?† or â€Å"How often do they do this?† I chose to study Christianity even though I am a Christian. I thought it would be interesting to see if most Christian churches practice Christianity the same way. However, prior to attending services I researched the history of Christianity. Firstly, Jesus was Jewish and he would teach in different synagogues throughout the villages he travelled to. While in those villages Jesus would also heal those who were suffering. In his teachings he touched the hearts of the people and this created instability which frightened Jewish religious authorities. A group of men who Jesus touched sta rted to follow and became his disciples. Jesus taught them about the will of God; as well as about a â€Å"new covenant† that God will bring to humanity through Himself, Jesus Christ. Then, Jesus helped the disciples to see mankind is destined to have pain and feel the â€Å"futility of life† due to sin. I came to realization that this answered our group question of why is there evil in the world. But to continue, mankind had â€Å"lostShow MoreRelatedHow Does The Christian World Look For The Outsider? David Kinnaman1627 Words   |  7 PagesHow does the Christian world look to the outsider? David Kinnaman along with the Barna group attempt to answer this question in UnChristian. Oddly enough the five most common adjectives used by people literalistic, anti-intellectual, self-righteous, judgmental, and bigoted. Us Christians might object, rather defensively to try an sway the crowd, playing the card off, â€Å"that s unfair to draw sweeping conclusions based upon th e report of one person in the church.† If you think that way, you d be rightRead MoreFactors Of Health Care Within A Rural Setting3590 Words   |  15 Pagesbecause of trust issues with â€Å"outsiders.† The culture prevents them from seeking help (Brindisini). Some cultures can’t do certain procedures or have certain treatments. The health care provider should be mindful and respectful to the different beliefs and try to abide by them as much as possible. A handbook about patient’s spiritual and cultural values provided by the Healthcare Chaplaincy gives information about the different religions/ cultures. For Americans, Christianity is one of the main religionsRead MoreROMANS HEIRS TO GREEK AND HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION2107 Words   |  9 PagesGreek language becoming established, as the official language of this area. The following arguments are centralized around methods to describing how the Roman emanated as the heirs of the Greek and Hellenistic ci vilization as presented by different perspectives such as Professor Mathews, Platt, and Noble in the western humanities and Professor Weber presents his research from the point of view of western traditions. Hellenistic civilization had very unique features in that it was made up of large rockyRead MoreWomen s Representation Of Women1796 Words   |  8 PagesIn Women and Gender in Islam, Leila Ahmed skillfully conveys her perspective on current ideologies about Islamic women by taking into consideration the chronological framework for which it help to shape women’s position in society. By covering a vast range of Islamic doctrines during various historical periods ranging from pre-Islamic times all the way to Western influences in nineteenth century Egypt, Leila is able to provide a distinctive picture of the often misunderstood topic of women’s roleRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Stranger 2900 Words   |  12 Pageswrote a piece attempting to offer some possible explanations for the reasoning behind the novel In his critical essay, â€Å"Camus’s ‘The Outsider† featured in the book, Contemporary Literary Criticism Select. He states, â€Å"The stra nger Camus wants to portray is one of those terrible innocents who shock society by not accepting the rules of its game. He lives among outsiders, but to them too, he is a stranger. We ourselves try to rationalize his actions throughout the book. For us too, he is a stranger† (Sartre)Read MoreReligion And Religious Practices And Beliefs3179 Words   |  13 Pagesto the doctrines accordingly. Islam Religion: Brief Overview Islam is the second largest universal or world religion in term of followership. It is widely distributed and exerts explicit authority in certain areas such as the Muslim countries where Islam is the state religion. Islam is a monotheistic religion, implying that Muslim faithful believe in existence and worships one God- Allah (Gerner, 2008). It has close relationship with Christianity and Judaism because all are Abrahamic religions (MorganRead MoreThe Ways in Which Narrative Perspectives Vary in The French Lieutenants Woman and Hawksmoor3918 Words   |  16 PagesThe Ways in Which Narrative Perspectives Vary in The French Lieutenants Woman and Hawksmoor Although there are many different perspectives taken in the two novels that shape the overall theme of each plot, comparisons can be drawn between them to show that they share a few fundamental similarities in the way that the authors present their narrative. By looking at the this presentation, it is possible to extract that the authors share common ground in the role that theyRead MoreThe Gay Rights Movement3482 Words   |  14 PagesTri An Nguyen Mr. Gage AP Government 12 March 2015 The Gay Rights Movement Homosexuality has been an issue for the public for an extremely long time dating back to even Ancient Rome and Greek. Especially with the birth of Christianity, the religious society has been persecuting anyone claiming homosexuality, forcing people to hide their own sexuality for centuries. It is important to understand and know the past of the homsexuality to understand the reason for their fight and the mentality of theirRead MoreVietnam After The Saigon Fall 19752642 Words   |  11 PagesVietnam After the Saigon Fall 1975 Overview Many books, magazine articles, and papers have been written about the Vietnam war and its consequences, but most are written from the perspective of an outsider looking in without actually living in Vietnam after the fall of Saigon in 1975. Few reporters ever came back to Vietnam to live there and describe day-to-day life in Vietnam after the war. Under the control of Communist rulers and an embargo from the US, Vietnam was almost isolated from the westernRead MoreCca Written Report South Africa (Demensions of Geert Hofstede)5835 Words   |  24 Pages0,11 euro Independence: From united kingdom in December 1931 Language: 11 official languages Ethnic groups 79.4% Black 9.2% White 8.8% Coloured 2.6% Asian Religion | Adherents | % | Adherents | % | | 2001[2] | 2007[3] | Christianity | 35750641 | 79.77 | 29684861 | 73.52 | Non-religious | 6767165 | 15.1 | 3262428 | 8.08 | Islam | 654064 | 1.46 | 985460 | 1.45 | African traditional religion | 125898 | 0.28 | 6056487 | 15 | Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

The Human Brain Gains And Loses Information Through...

How Does Neuroplasticity Occur in the Hippocampus? Joe Hamlin March 21, 2016 Abstract The human brain gains and loses information through neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain due to different stimuli acting upon those parts. Neuroplasticity is defined as the ability to rearrange the function to stimulation from external or internal sources. Adaptive and maladaptive neuroplasticity occur mainly in the hippocampus and its structural changes are due to stress, aging, and metabolism. Electroconvulsive therapy, overexpression of mineralocorticoids, and metabolism effects are results of adaptive neuroplasticity; aging and stress show forms of maladaptive neuroplasticity in the hippocampus. In conclusion, stress, aging, and metabolism show that neuroplasticity does occur in the hippocampus. Further areas of study could focus on how alcohol affects the hippocampus’s ability to form new memories or its effects on neuroplasticity Introduction The human brain learns and forgets information through neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and other parts of the brain due to different stimuli acting upon those parts. Neuroplasticity takes place in various levels known as the cellular, population, network and behavioral levels (Bartsch and Wulff 2015). Neuroplasticity is defined as the brain’s ability to rearrange its structure or its function due to stimulation from external or internal sources (Bartsch and Wulff 2015). Neuroplasticity can be beneficial, orShow MoreRelatedThe Brain As A Static Organ After People Entered Adulthood1282 Words   |  6 Pagesresearchers have found evidence that the brain became a static organ after people entered adulthood. However, Norman Doidge, a Canadian born psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, believed otherwise. In his book The Brain That Changes Itself, he supports his arguments that a person’s brain can change regardless of their age and the ideas of neuroplasticity by accounting th e many amazing stories and stories that demonstrate how versatile and adaptive the human brain can be. In his stories, people in desperateRead MoreDistributed Vs. Massed Practice : Which Produces Better Learning1058 Words   |  5 Pagesin curtailed intervals over extensive periods. As a result, the graduate student will be capable of activating regions in the mind to retrieve the necessary information to perform well on the examination to become a licensed clinical psychologist. How does the human mind retain necessary factual data to accredit what has been memorized through instruction or experience? What is the duration requisite to retain and recall new factual data? When can a person acknowledge the appropriate trial in distributedRead MoreExercise And Cognitive Function : Exercise3047 Words   |  13 PagesTrujillo 11/8/16 Most of the time when exercise is being performed, it is perceived that there is a need or want to become healthy, or stay healthy. When the word healthy comes to mind the first instinct is to think of the health of the body; to lose weight, tone the muscles, increase strength. Today there is a big focus on exercise for its many benefits that have been found from research in recent years. With great focus on weight, diet, and reducing the risk of disease in the future. This isRead MoreAlcohol Addiction Is The High Risk Of Relapse3791 Words   |  16 PagesThe variability in the causes of alcohol addiction generates variability in the response to treatment. However, what is common among all alcohol addictions is the high risk of relapse. This risk is potentially caused by the lasting changes in the brain that occur when voluntary alcohol use becomes an addiction. The neural changes that are a result of an alcohol addiction potentially put a recovered alcoholic at high risk of relapse until these circuits can be erased and replaced with healthier circuitsRead MoreThe Body Keeps The Score Essay1807 Words   |  8 PagesBody Keeps the Score,† explores how trauma memories are stored nonverbally in the physical body and brain. He recommends yoga as one pathway to release that somatic memory and re-establish equilibrium. Many of the benefits of art therapy are also associated with yoga. They are both experience-based, guided by intention, promote self-awareness, encourage a state of flow, activate the limbic brain, reduce stress, encourage observation rather than judgement, are adaptive, and encourage change and healingRead MoreSurvey Of Cognitive Remediation Practices For Individuals With Schizophreni Implementation And Barriers9236 Words   |  37 Pagestherapies have been largely unsuccessful in addressing CI and as such, psychosocial treatments for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia are increasingly important. Cognitive remediation (CR) training is a set of methods that employ principles of neuroplasticity for cognitive enhancement. Early evidence shows promise of CR becoming a reimbursable evidence-based treatment in individuals with impaired neural functioning. However, more research is needed to full establish the evidence base for CR. BasedRead MorePatrick s Case Study On How And Why Individuals Make Through The Range Of Their Life His Field Breaks2040 Words   |  9 PagesPatrick’s Case Study It is the trial examination of how and why individuals make through the range of their life his field breaks down change over a vast extent of subjects including motor aptitudes, scholarly headway, official limits, moral perception, social change, personality, eager change, and self-thought and character plan. Formative brain research takes a great role in the effects of nature and manages on the method of social change, and strategies for advancement in association and cornerRead MoreNational Parks For African Americans As A Tourism Destination5743 Words   |  23 PagesAfrican Americans as a tourism destination. In order to get more people of a certain race, ethnicity, culture, or background to visit national parks, tourist attractions such as Yosemite National Park could utilize specific marketing techniques. Through different marketing techniques, national parks could place African Americas on the cover of their pamphlets or billboards. They could place more billboards in urban areas where there may be higher populations of ethnically diverse people. The billboards

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Advantage and Disadvantage of Telecommunication Free Essays

Communicating with patients The New Medicine Service (and MURs) provides a formal opportunity for pharmacists to communicate with patients on a one-to-one basis about their medicines and underlying medical condition(s). The NMS permits the interventions to be done either as a face-to-face appointment or via telephone. Careful consideration must be given as to which of these communication methods is adopted by the pharmacy as each method brings its own advantages and disadvantages. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantage and Disadvantage of Telecommunication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although face-to-face communication would be the preferred method of conducting an intervention, it is likely that elephone interventions will be used by most pharmacies at some stage. This brief guide will help you and your staff communicate more effectively when using the telephone as part of the NMS. The words we use make up less than 10% of the way we communicate in a face-toface situation, with the way we say these words (paralinguistics) and body language making up the remaining percentage. When you are dealing with someone over the telephone you cannot see them, which deprives you of most of the information you would normally have about the other person (body language, eye contact etc). Related article: Disadvantages of Aquatic Plants You can base your judgements only on the words you can hear and the way they are being said, which can sometimes present challenges. Advantages and disadvantages Some of the advantages and disadvantages of telephone communication are: Telephone communication Advantages of communicating by telephone: †¢ ofteneasiertoreachsomeonebyphone than by trying to arrange to see them in person; more convenient for patients †¢ morelikelytosucceedincontacting someone – especially if a time / date has been agreed (few people are able to ignore the telephone and leave it ringing) telephoneconversationsare,onaverage, shorter than face-to-face conversations as it’s easier to control the conversation and take the initiative. Disadvantages of communicating by telephone: †¢ it’smoredifficulttoestablisharapporton the telephone, as you don’t have all the visual signals that help you to get on the â€Å"same wavelength† as the other person †¢ whenphonin gsomeoneit’spossibleto intrude at an inconvenient time and not realise it †¢ it’seasytoassumethatyouhavetheother person’s undivided attention †¢ youaremorelikelytogetdistractedand let your attention wander itismoredifficulttoavoid misunderstandings – you cannot use visual behaviour to get feedback on whether your message has been understood or if there are things left unsaid †¢ somethingsareimpossibletocheckover the telephone such as inhaler techniques †¢ youaremorelikelytobelieveyoucando other things at the same time as using the telephone – DON’T! Voice matching Thefirstthreesecondsofaphonecall are important, as this is when the other person makes a judgement about the caller. When making an outgoing call listen to the pitch, speed, volume and tone of the other erson’svoicewhentheyfirstspeakandtry to â€Å"match† it. Matching is a good way of building rapport, which can otherwise be difficultoverthetelepho ne,andmakesthe other person feel more comfortable. Tips for effective telephone interventions Opening the conversation NMS intervention Introduce yourself clearly and ask to speak to the patient using their preferred title / name. Check it’s still convenient to speak to the patient. If the patient is concerned about disclosing sensitive personal information over the telephone and cannot besatisfiedthatthecallerisringingfrom he pharmacy he / she may contact the pharmacy directly instead. Explain in a clear, simple manner the purpose of the call – check the patient understands the nature of the NMS and the reasons for the discussion. Youshouldalsoconfirmconsentatthis stage. Inform the patient you will be asking a series of questions about their new medicines and that you will be making notes as you go along. Listen to the patient’s responses as you work though the questions – resist the temptation to interrupt. Demonstrate you are listening by making noises such as â€Å"um†, â€Å"yes†, and â€Å"really†. Use assertive behaviour to stay in control of the call – use open / closed questions as appropriate (open questions invite detailed answers whereas closed questions invite single word answers). Body language Body language, even though it can’t be seen, can affect our voice when on the telephone. Therefore, think about your posture whilst on the phone. If you are comfortable and relaxed your voice is likely to reflect this. Remember to smile – even though it can’t be seen it will be â€Å"heard† and you will sound friendly and assertive. If you are standing up whilst n the telephone this can also make you sound more assertive, and it is another way of ending a telephone call if you stand up during a conversation. Using a closed question for example is often helpful in stopping an enthusiastic patient digressing from appropriate lines of questioning. Do not rush through the call. Talk at the patient’s pace and pause after providing advice or of fering solutions to a problem to allow the patient to air their views about this. Finally agree the time / date for any followup intervention. Remember to give the call your undivided attention! How to cite Advantage and Disadvantage of Telecommunication, Essay examples

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Final Appeal Of Hong Kong In The Landmark Case †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Final Appeal Of Hong Kong In The Landmark Case. Answer: Introduction: The intention of the report is to evaluate the decision given by the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong in the landmark case W v. The Registrar of Marriages. In this regard, the research intended to make reference to various journals and scholarly articles in order to evaluate the decision of the present case study. The research highlighted various arguments made by different authors regarding the rights of transgender. The research is commissioned to examine the how the relevant sources and the views of different authors would be beneficial in understanding the constitutional validity of the decision given in W v. The Registrar of Marriages. Discussion: The Authors intended to highlight the importance of gender identity in modern era. In this regard, the Author rightly stated that there is a major distinction between sexual identity and gender identity. However, the author has not intended to distinguish between the two concepts rather she focused on the underlying issues faced by the LGBTQ community. According to the perspective of the Author, a person possessing thoughts of same-sex is considered as a gay or lesbian however, persons who are unable to identify their gender assigned to them during birth are identified as transgender. In the opinion of the Author, being a transgender is the most challenging experience and therefore children being identified at an early age are being bullied at educational institutions. By analyzing the source it can be stated that various library resources shall provide appropriate knowledge and understanding with the help of which transgender can identify themselves which can eliminate their feeling of loneliness and despair. Therefore, it is important on the part of librarians to provide these children with appropriate solution and literature in order to improve their condition. The article discussed about the identification of transgender and the issues faced by them in the society and thereby provided appropriate literatures to deal with such issues. In this regard, the article proved to be convenient for conducting the research. The Authors emphasized of the legalization of same-sex marriage. In this regard, the Authors have made reference to the contemporary scenario in Hong Kong regarding the legalization of same sex marriage which is a topic of global controversy. In the perspectives of the Authors, in spite of various newly introduced laws and regulations in Hong Kong, no legal recognition has been given till date towards the identification of transgender and the union of same-sex couples. Since time immemorial, much emphasis has been laid on the importance of same-sex marriage which is a major concern for human rights associations. After proper evaluation, it is noteworthy to mention here that the article efficiently determined the present condition of Hong Kong and its approach towards the legalization of same-sex marriage. The purpose of the article was to evaluate the principles of human rights which can be rightly applied to the controversy of same-sex marriage. However, the counter-arguments that h ave been presented by other scholars for the purpose of objecting same-sex marriage has been taken into account by applying different perspectives of human rights. In this regard, it is worth noting that the article was proved to be beneficial as it provided valuable information regarding the topic of research. The article was appropriate as it contained relevant information about the present subject of research. The Author intended to highlight the facts regarding the recognition of gender legislation for transgender communities in Hong Kong. However, that the nature of such legislation is both extensive and far reaching. The Author examined that both surgical and hormonal treatments are not medically required by the transgender community. However, they undergo various medical treatments in order to become an integral part of the society. In the opinion of the Author, the transgender are less concerned about their anatomy, they opt for medical surgeries because they want to see themselves as recognized citizens of the society. After proper and detailed examination of the article it can be observed that the Author has emphasized on the significance of gender recognition in the society and in the lives of transgender community. The article has effectively evaluated the prevailing health conditions of the transgender community. In this regard, the article analyzed various arguments and counter arguments regarding human rights against the refusal of legalization of gender recognition. It can be finally stated that the chosen article proved to be advantageous in serving the purpose of the research as the article contained various theoretical perspectives about the recognition of transgender communities and their rights. However, the article has not paid special attention to the need of sterilization. The Authors explained the importance of gender determination in a contemporary society. Therefore, the article has rightly placed the concept of gender determination under different gender categories. The Authors intended to draw three case studies in order to indicate the factors which recognized as individual as a man and as a woman. However, the Authors have focused on the conduction of public debates in order to emphasize on the employment rights of transgender and introduce policies for determining the acceptability of the transgender in the world of competitive sports. The Authors made reference to the three case studies and thereby proposed measures for the elimination of the genital surgery requirement for the purpose of changing the sex marker option on the birth certificates. The Authors intended to determine gender discrimination and difference across social spaces. Therefore, the Authors examined that in reality gender-integrated spaces utilizes identity-based criteria ho wever, gender-segregated spaces utilized the biology-based criteria. After evaluation of the article it can be emphasized that the Authors tried to explain the distinction between transgender policy issues and broad gender issues. Various terms like moral panic and sexual panic enumerated while conducting the research. As the article deals with the determination of transgender, their panic and their contribution in the society therefore it served as a relevant source for the research assignment. The Author presented the view of the society towards the transgender communities. The Author emphasized that in modern environment, transgender communities face various uncertainties. In spite of several efforts on the part of the Government to introduce gender identity policies, they were not whole heartedly accepted by the society. The policies in some cases achieved success however they failed in some areas. According to the Author the policies of gender identity involved public opinion as they were developed within the framework of legislative processes. The Author presented a detailed research in which the attitude of the Americans towards the transgender communities has been reflected. In this regard, the prevailing rights regarding the transgender communities in USA have been examined. In the perspective of the Author that traditionally it has been difficult on the part of the government to incorporate gender identity in the prevailing non-discrimination policies. The Author e xamined that the transgender people were not recognized as a respectable individual of the society and were subjected to gender-based discriminations. After analyzing the source it can be observed that different municipal and state level efforts were conducted which proved to be successful in some parts however, the states failed to execute legislative policies relating to transgender rights. The different perspectives of public opinion and public policy in support of transgender non-discrimination policies were emphasized. In this regard, it can be noted that this article proved to be fruitful in proceeding with the present research topic as it helped to identify various legislative policies and different state laws which could protect the interests of the transgender communities. In the perspective of the Author transgender communities face discrimination from different sections of the society to a large extent. It has been emphasized by the Author that such discrimination has affected the healthcare conditions of this group in medical sectors. However, according to the Author such discriminations enumerated as a result of disturbing experiences of the past. The Author examined the applicability of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey in evaluating the conditions of the transgender community. In this regard, after proper examination of the article it can be identified that from the very beginning the article proposed the foundation of an innovative categorized system to address the issues faced by the transgender people in the health sectors. Therefore, the relevant information depicted in the article served as a useful source of information in conducting the present research. It can be stated that by utilizing and implementing the ideas depicted in the article one can develop clear knowledge about the identification of gender-discrimination, transgender disclosure and their conditions in modern health sectors. The Author intended to put forward a new concept by highlighting the importance of justice which is linked to the identification of transgender community. The Author argued that in order to have clear understanding regarding the rights of transgender community, it is important on the part of the courts to have knowledge about the options available to the transgender people in the field of medical science. It is important to involve civil rights litigators for the purpose of determining the actual issues and experiences faced by the LGBTQ communities. According to the Author if an individual is unable to recognize the role played by gender identity and sex-determination then he shall continue to tear apart the dignity of the transgender people. Therefore, the court shall not be able to recognize the importance of gender identity in sex-determination and thereby appropriate justice cannot be provided under the provisions of law. This article was effective as it helped in understanding the matter that why the Courts could not provide appropriate justice to the transgender communities by safeguarding their interests and rights. The Author intended was commissioned to examine the policies of non-discrimination for successful implementation of human resources. According to the Author, people are not aware of the existing programs and policies which prevent discrimination of transgender communities in workplace. After analyzing the source it was found that the policies of gender identity has been applied in different areas for the purpose of prohibiting discrimination against employees belonging to transgender communities. It can be observed that as a result of proper implementation of such policies, the rights of transgender communities have been safeguarded to some extent. The chosen article from the very beginning emphasized on non-discriminating policies related to transgender rights and therefore it can be regarded as an appropriate choice for the research topic. Conclusion: In the conclusion it can be stated that the abovementioned sources were convenient enough to serve the purpose of the research related to the importance of human rights. The eight references listed above equally contributed towards the successful completion of the assignment. It can be finally concluded that each article contained relevant information which contributed favorably in designing the structure of the research in a more accurate and specific way. References: Cruz, Taylor M, Assessing access to care for transgender and gender nonconforming people: a consideration of diversity in combating discrimination(2014) 65-73 Social science medicine,110 Flores, Andrew R, Attitudes toward transgender rights: Perceived knowledge and secondary interpersonal contact(2015) 398-416 Politics, Groups, and Identities, 3.3 Horton, Lisa, Meeting the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, queer, or questioning students through the school library collection (2016) 20Teacher Librarian,44.1 Levasseur, M Gender identity defines sex: Updating the law to reflect modern medical science is key to transgender rights(2014) 943 Vt. L. Rev,39 Navaratnam, Reannon, and Isabelle Lee, Same sex marriage in Hong Kong: a right is more than a referendum (2015) 220-227 International Journal of Human Rights and Constitutional Studies,3.3 Sellers, Mitchell Dylan, Discrimination and the transgender population: Analysis of the functionality of local government policies that protect gender identity(2014) 70-86 Administration Society, 46.1 Westbrook Laurel and Kristen Schilt, Doing gender, determining gender: Transgender people, gender panics, and the maintenance of the sex/gender/sexuality system(2014) 32-57 Gender Society,28.1 Winter, Sam, Identity recognition without the knife: Towards a gender recognition ordinance for Hong Kong's transsexual people (2014) 115Hong Kong LJ, 44