The Thematic Essay Samples Game

The Thematic Essay Samples Game Where to Find Thematic Essay Samples Thus, there are times when you may want to present more primary sources. There are various sorts of essays. Thematic essays are most frequently utilised in a classroom setting. When you begin writing a thematic essay, you are able to readily get lost in various components, sources, and arguments. Congratulations it appears like you've received your very first thematic essay assignment! The last area of the essay could include a brief overview of your analysis, but attempt to make it rather brief. The next issue to discuss is the best way to compose a thematic essay. Before it is possible to get started writing your thematic essay, it's advised that you first make an outline. The Importance of Thematic Essay Samples Even when you have zero thought of where to begin, write a rough draft of your thematic essay and try to remember it doesn't need to be perfect. You should also reread and edit your final dr aft even if you're feeling tired. Your very first draft will incorporate all the essay's vital info but might need minor revisions to guarantee the maximum quality of writing. For any essay, obtaining a prewritten draft is vital. The essay body is the principal part. When in doubt look for the most often brought up talking point, and you'll discover the gist of the essay. Following such process is a simple means to minimize panic the moment it comes to thematic essays. Commonly, the thematic essay is related to social problems in distinct periods of human civilization. Where to Find Thematic Essay Samples The latter statement is particularly true for thematic essays. Search for a thematic essay example that you can come across online. From time to time, a single essay can be dedicated to a number of themes, if they're closely tied to one another. A common essay is created of 5 paragraphs. The Rise of Thematic Essay Samples In case, you feel that it's impossible to com pose your thematic essay in time or you're not sure you're writing it properly use our help. The author is therefore predicted to connect various facts to develop a logical conclusion. Learn what the principal point is that the author attempts to present. To comprehend what the basis of the essay presents, consider the point that's brought up often in the book. It's very helpful to cover what you plan to do in the essay (your goals), and the way you're going to analyze the theme. An essay should tie all paragraphs back to your theme and offer interesting information that may easily educate readers. A theme essay must be persuasive and simple to read, that's why choice of an intriguing topic is vitally important. A thematic essay is one which is centered on one specific theme. Writing an excellent thematic essay isn't a simple endeavor for many students. So before you begin completing the endeavor, make sure that you understand it. Being a complicated job, essay writing i s related to many mistakes students have a tendency to make. To be able to compose a persuasive and impressive essay one should possess decent writing and research skills, in addition to be in a position to organize own work and meet deadlines. Make certain you are writing the conclusion within a paragraph of about a few lines based on the term count prescribed by your college or university. Use the chapter exams as a pre-assessment to figure out your weak spots, then conserve time by working through only the lessons you require. When you get familiar with the subject, it's necessary for you to select your side. The middle class also started to develop. A thematic essay is a significant portion of the education approach. Your outline is what is going to guide the stream of your ideas. Outline structure always remains unchanged and ought to be approached the same manner every time. When it is such a tough endeavor that's right for you, then you may read our complete guide about writing a process analysis essay. Introducing Thematic Essay Samples Grammatical errors are able to make a paper unreadable and get you a minimal mark rather than a high one. Thematic papers follow a strict format which makes it look challenging. For example, compare and contrast essay is quite popular and it's tough to compose it. Regardless, a superb thematic essay should consist of logical arguments supported with literary devices. Thematic Essay Samples - the Conspiracy The very first important thing about writing a thematic essay or any sort of essay, actually, is the proper understanding of the specific idea you're trying to deliver. For instance, you may select the historic fact or a social issue for a topic for your essay. For this reason, you ought to pick an acceptable topic, counting on a possible reader. The general subject of the conversation is a subject. Finding the Best Thematic Essay Samples You won't have the ability to use everything when you com mence narrowing the focus of your essay. Therefore, each student needs to pay attention to the specifics. Thematic essays are usually somewhat long, so it's not unusual to get many distinct paragraphs to go over lots of unique points. Generally speaking, a thematic essay is simply an outline of the chief points. Writing an effective essay demands careful attention to detail and capability to organize your thoughts concerning the major subject of your research. Our qualified writers are almost always readily available for discussion and thus your personal requirements and requests will be taken under consideration. It would be far more advisable to think about a strong statement that will capture the interest of an individual. You may opt for a subject that appears to be relevant. An essay is mainly directed at activating educational and cognitive activity. You're very welcome to have a look at the other articles useful articles on assignmentpay.com. To begin however, you must begin with finding an excellent topic. On our website, you will locate the expert services of qualified essay writers with examples of excellent works. Compose extra paragraphs if necessary to be able to completely answer the essay question. You need to make a very clear and specific thesis statement, which might introduce your point of view and result in additional discussion. For example, you will need an outline. Appropriate examples and statistical data can likewise be added evidence to construct on the paragraph. Sometimes even nicely written essays don't get the greatest grades because of format issues. It is vital to learn them all and fulfill it as required.

The Lord Of The Rings - 1736 Words

The Lord Of The Rings The story began as a consequence to Tolkien s 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit, but eventually improved into a much larger employment. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is the second pick-selling surprising ever written, with over 150 million carbon copy sold. The Lord of the Rings is an epopoeia exalted-imagination recent written by English subcreator J. The toil was initially intended by Tolkien to be one roll of a two-volume put, the other to be The Silmarillion, but this idea was dismission by his publisher. For economic reasons The Lord of the Rings was proclaim in three volumes over the passage of a year from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955. The three volumes were titled The†¦show more content†¦The Lord of the Rings has since been reprinted rhythmical times and interpret into 38 languages. Tolkien s duty has been the subject of extensive analysis of its themes and origins. The Lord of the Rings in its turn is considered to have had a great effect on recent fantasy; the impact of Tolkien s product is such that the use of the words Tolkienian and Tolkienesque have been recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary. The enduring popularity of The Lord of the Rings has led to man references in popular educate, the founding of many societies by fans of Tolkien s manufacture, and the divulgation of many packet concerning Tolkien and his manufacture. The Lord of the Rings has inspired, and continues to breathe, artwork, descant, nebula and plebvision, video games, and subsequent literature. Award-attracting adaptations of The Lord of the Rings have been made for radio, theatre, and film. In 2003, it was named Britain s pick-lief surprising of all time in the BBC s The Big Read. Thousands of donkey’s before the events of the novelty, the Dark Lord Sauron had fake the One Ring to rule the other Rings of Power and corrupt those who wear them: the leaders of Men, Elves and Dwarves. He was inferior confute in battle by an alliance of Elves and Men led by Elendil and Gil-galad. Isildur, a rule of Men, cut the One Ring from Sauron s finger, assert it as an heirloom for his line, and Sauron squandered his medicinal figure. When Isildur was

Individual Assignment free essay sample

Having a strong web presence is not only important in today’s world, it is vital for survival in today’s super connected world. Companies, banks, agencies and private industries must be able to create an environment to interact with customers, government officials and other companies in order to thrive. Opening yourself up to anyone through the Internet often means opening your system up to the world. Today we are more connected than ever, and cyberspace is littered with a multitude of individuals, some with the intent to compromise network confidentiality, integrity and availability. Anyone with a computer and Internet access can become a victim or criminal over the web. As a result, networks and servers are under constant attack these days. Attackers are changing their techniques daily and are on a never ended endeavor to disrupt companies for their selfish reasons. Two such forms of disruption are Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Additional Market Research Kudler Fine Foods marketing objective is to increase customer loyalty and profitability of consumers. Most recently it was released that the company will be starting a frequent shopper program which will provide exclusive offers to loyal shoppers and also offer additional discounts to those that frequently shop at Kudler Fine Foods. This program is focused on increase revenue but at the same time promotes customer loyalty. While this is a great benefit to those that frequently shop, Kudler Fine Foods can also use the purchasing habits of these frequent shoppers to help create more product availability and even offer exclusive discounts when purchasing habits are identified. They could use the frequent shopper card to help identify what particular products that shopper tends to buy and can create coupons or special discounts exclusive to that particular patron. It could also use this purchase information to help couple other products that might work well together in order to drum up more sales for a particular sister product. The frequent shopper card is also already designed as a points system that creates now only discounts or special offers within the store, but can also be redeemed for items such as airline first-class upgrades or high-end gifts. One flaw to this frequent shopper system is that needs to be marketed with the â€Å"customers best interest† in mind. It cannot seem as if it is a revenue increasing product for the company, but as a way for loyal customers to simply be rewarded. Kudler Fine Foods marketing department is also currently focused on cost reduction that can also be passed on to the consumer. They are focused on their software systems and upgrading it to a more enhanced stocking system that will allow the company to reach the â€Å"zero stock out† policy they are trying to implement. With this new stock policy, the purchasing department also has to get the buy-in of its suppliers which will also take the creativity of the marketing department to help spin the correct approach. The final marketing focus is on increasing the foot traffic for the cooking class and preparation aspect of the company. They will be offering exclusive cooking classes and new product discoveries from world-renowned chefs and even some local celebrity chefs. During these cooking parties, guests will receive entries for different drawings that will also help boost product sales. The marketing goal here is to increase awareness of what these specialty products are for and also to increase the amount of physical time that shoppers are spending in the store. This will also help foster that loyalty and hopefully spread the word that Kudler Fine Foods is not just a place to shop, but a whole different experience into the gourmet food world. Competitive Intelligence With all the internal marketing research available, Kudler Fine Foods also needs to consider what is happening with the rest of the gourmet food markets across the state and beyond. The marketing department appears to have done a fantastic job with focusing on the current shoppers and what they can do to retain their business and increase this particular consumer groups spending in the store, but has seemed to lose focus on obtaining new business from other local competitors. Although a part of the company’s sales plan is to focus on new customers through cooking class socials, the advertising is geared mainly towards certain zip codes which could seriously limit new clientele. Generally certain zip codes are related to certain classes of people. If the company targets only certain zip codes, they could potentially leave out large quantities of new customers. Kudler Fine Foods marketing should consider offering special cooking class socials to different local organizations to help drum up business from new customers by pitching these classes as a team building activity. By reaching out to the local business organizations, this could open the door to a whole new target marketing group that might never have thought about purchasing the gourmet goods offered at Kudler Fine Foods until they had the chance of experiencing the exceptional service and tastes of the products first hand. Another aspect into competitive advantage that the marketing strategy is lacking is focusing on what exactly the competition is doing. Kudler Fine Foods marketing should consider employing secret shoppers both within the companies three locations and to the competition not just within the state but beyond to see what is working in other similar organizations. The company is only as good as its own product and service, but often times seeing how the competition is stacking up even if it is worse, can give a company a new vision into what changes they can make themselves to help corner an even bigger slice of the market. Conclusion The marketing strategy of Kudler Fine Foods internal process is top-notch and has helped the company become a huge success in the greater San Diego area, but it is not enough. The company needs to broaden its search and vision to what is happening in the market around them and not just internally behind the doors of these three stores. Their marketing plan, although strong and successful, needs to take a step back and focus on the aspects that are lacking which is external factors. If the marketing department of Kudler Fine Foods can add this extra focus into their marketing strategy, Kudler Fine Foods will absolutely come out on top of gourmet food service industry in the San Diego area and beyond.

Summary of The Junkys Christmas by Burroughs Essay Example

Summary of The Junkys Christmas by Burroughs Paper William Burroughs: The Junky Christmas Objective summary This short story of William Burroughs is about Danny the Car Wiper, a Junky, who tries to score a fix on Christmas day. At first he tries to break open someones car and steal everything from it, but the owner arrives, so Danny has to flee away. Then he steals a suitcase from a doorway, but as he opens it he notices that a womans legs are in the suitcase. He quickly throws the body parts away and heads to Sorrows Cafeteria, where he manages to sell the empty suitcase for some money. Unfortunately for Danny, his former dealer got locked in prison so now he has to find someone who can sell him some heroin. After wandering on the streets he meets a friend of his, who tells Danny that nobody is around selling drugs. Danny has to visit a doctor, P. H. Gunning, who gives him a quarter-grain tablet free for his facial neuralgia. After this Danny rents a room in a motel and starts to inject himself, but he hears groaning from the other room. Another Junky lays there, a young man, who suffers from kidney stones. Danny pities him and injects the man with his morphine. At the end he feels the effect of the immaculate fix in his body, caused by his good deed, and falls asleep in his room. Subjective summary The Junky Christmas is a moving peace of literature, in which the characters are authentic and their problem seems to be realistic. It is easy to assume that the writer, Burroughs got in this kind of situation several times when he was an addict. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of The Junkys Christmas by Burroughs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of The Junkys Christmas by Burroughs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of The Junkys Christmas by Burroughs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A parallel can be found between The Junky Christmas and traditional Christmas- hemmed tales: the poor protagonist hardly reaches his goal by acquiring something he lacks of (food, present, or in this case: heroin), but when he finds someone who is in even worse situation than him, he pities this person and presents him/her. These tales have a happy ending, as the protagonist finds relief and Joy in his good deed. In the case of Burroughs short story, the ending is rather ironical, as the protagonist is a Junky, who helps another Junky by giving him morphine. Because of this act, his reward is the feeling of the perfect heroin shot.

Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Nephropathy The WritePass Journal

Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Nephropathy Introduction Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Nephropathy IntroductionEconomic burden of Diabetes for families and society:Causes of microvascular damage in diabetes:Advanced glycosylated end-products (AGEs):Oxidative stress and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS):Polyol pathway/aldose reductase:Hexosamine pathway:Endothelial dysfunction pathogenesis:REFERENCES: Related Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable condition resulting in high levels of glucose in the blood.   It occurs due to inability of the beta cells in pancreas islet tissue to produce enough insulin, or when the body becomes resistant to insulin.   It reduces both quality and length of life and over time leads to serious complications such as coronary heart disease, stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. There are two main types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 diabetes: also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), early-onset and juvenile diabetes. It is an autoimmune disease and results from destruction of insulin producing beta cells in islet tissues of pancreas by the body’s immune system. The subsequent lack of insulin results in high blood glucose levels, which if not controlled by exogenous insulin results in multiple organ damage. Type 2 diabetes:   formerly called non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) and adult-onset.   It is a metabolic disorder that mainly occurs in individuals over the age of 40.   In this type of diabetes high blood glucose results either due to relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance.   Lifestyle and genetic factors play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a growing problem among the elderly population and is widely predicted to grow in the future.   Since the population is aging in the western world, so it is not surprising that elderly population will contribute to future increase but other factors such as lifestyle and diet will also play a major role. WHO survey 2010 estimated that 285 million of the world’s population have diabetes and more than 70% of them live in low and middle income countries. It is also estimated that this burden will increase to 438 million by 2030 (Diabetes fact, 2011). Wild 2004 projected that the total number of individuals with diabetes worldwide will increase from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million 2030.   Although the prevalence of diabetes is higher in men compared to women but there are more women with diabetes than men.   In developing countries type 2 diabetes mainly affects people of working age, between 35 and 64 years, whereas in developed countries the majority of people with diabetes are above the age of retirement i.e. above 65 years of age (WDD06 – Karachi, 2006).   India has the largest diabetes world’s population i.e. 50.8 million followed by China with 43.2 million ( Express news report,   2009). In Europe prevalence of clinically diagnosed diabetes was estimated to be 3% in 1997.   It was estimated to increase to around 3.6% by 2000 and to over 4% by 2010 (Scottish Diabetes Survey 2003).   In UK 4.26 % of population has diabetes according to the Diabetes UK statistics (Diabetes prevalence 2010).   Scottish Diabetic Survey, 2010, projects that 4.6% of Scotland population has diabetes out of which 87.7% have type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is also at an increase among children. Diabetes amongst children is primarily Type 1 diabetes but Type 2 diabetes is also increasingly being diagnosed. One of the major contributing factors for this rise in diabetes among children is the increase in the number of children who are overweight or obese. â€Å"Twenty five children in every 100,000 in Scotland have diabetes, compared to 17 in England and Wales.†Ã‚   An increase in this at a rate of 2% per years has been suggested by Diabetes UK in Scotland, as a result tripling of new cases in the last 30 years has been seen (ABPI Report Scotland, 2005). Economic burden of Diabetes for families and society: Diabetes and its complications have a significant economic impact on individuals, families, health systems and countries. For example, WHO estimates that in the period 2006-2015, China will need to allocate $558 billion in foregone national income due to heart disease, stroke and diabetes alone and India will spend $336.6 billion (Diabetes, 2011). â€Å"In the poorest countries, people with diabetes and their families bear almost the whole cost of the medical care they can afford.†Ã‚   In Latin America, 40-60% of medical care expenditures is paid by the families themselves. In Mozambique, 75% of the per capita income is spent on diabetic care by one person; in Mali it amounts to 61%; Vietnam is 51% and Zambia 21%. It is estimated that poor people with diabetes in some developing countries spend as much as 25% of their annual income on private care (Diabetes fact. April 2011). The trend of diabetes in developing countries show that it mostly affects working age group, between 35 and 64 years, relative to developed countries where the majority of diabetes population are aging. Therefore when principal wage earner is affected by diabetes and its complications, the choice between healthcare expenses and food or clothing can trap the whole family in a downward spiral of worsening poverty and health. According to WHO, an annual 2% reduction in chronic disease death rates in Pakistan would provide an economic gain of 1 billion dollars over the next 10 years (WDD06 – Karachi, 2006). The cost incurred by diabetes morbidity are far greater than the cost of the disease prevention (Editorial in Lancet:   World Diabetes Day 14th November, 2010). In a press report by the independent economic consultancy group NERA it is assessed that intensive management of Type 2 diabetes in Scotland can decrease hospital cost by  £41 million by saving over 91,000 bed days a year in 2025 and will also save  £78 million a year in lost work days (ABPI Report Scotland, 2005). Diabetic Nephropathy: The diabetic complication, nephropathy is a condition with high unmet therapeutic needs.   It is linked with significant increases in morbidity and mortality risk, and is the most common cause of ESRD in the Western countries. Diabetes-induced damage in the kidney leads to microalbuminuria. This progresses to ESRD, which requires dialysis or transplantation. Diabetes accounts for over 40% of ESRD (Diabetic Nephropathy, 2003). The main focus of therapy in diabetic nephropathy is on tight control of blood pressure. Guidelines have progressively revised the target BP goal downwards, currently at 125/75 mmHg in patients with 1g proteinuria, and now recommend either ACE or ARB (Diabetic Nephropathy, 2003). In the U.S., diabetic nephropathy accounts for about 40% of new cases of ESRD.   In 1997 the cost required for treatment of diabetic patients having ESRD amounts to $15.6 billion. There is considerable racial/ethnic variability in this regard, Native Americans, Hispanics (especially Mexican-Americans), and African-Americans have much higher risks of developing ESRD than non-Hispanic whites with type 2 diabetes (Mark, 2001). In the UK, 1,000 people with diabetes start kidney dialysis every year. (Diabetes in the UK, 2004). Ahmedani 2005 reports that in Karachi, Pakistan overall prevalence of microalbuminuria was found to be 34% in patients with diabetes and this was strongly associated with the age, diastolic hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and serum low density lipoprotein. End stage renal disease is a most serious complication of diabetes and accounts to be the most expensive for NHS. Diabetic nephropathy usually develops 15-25 years after the occurrence of diabetes.   In Scotland, 20% of patients who undergo renal transplantation are diabetic. In diabetic individuals, microalbuminuria and stroke, or an increased serum creatinine levels raises the risk of renal nephropathy and failure.   Poor glycemic control and high blood pressure are risk factors of diabetic renal disease (Scottish  Diabetes  Framework, 2002). Diabetic renal impairment is a strong indicator of Cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality is diabetic patients (Guillausseau, 2011).   Annual cardiovascular mortality is 0.7% in normoalbuminuric patient as compared to 2% in microalbuminuric patients and 12% in the patient with elevated creatinine (Stratton IM, 2009) In a review by Vishwanathan, 1999, it is explained that South Asians and Afro-Caribbean are more susceptible to develop renal disease relative to European. Retinopathy increases the risk of diabetic nephropathy. Prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in India was 30.3% in a study done among 4837 patients with chronic renal failure over a period of 10 years. He further argued that an increased prevalence of microalbuminurea among South Asians having type 2 diabetes mellitus relative to Europeans by 1.2 (men) and 1.7 (women) folds.   According to SIGN 116, the incidence of diabetic nephropathy in patient with type 1 diabetes can be considerably reduced by attaining good glycaemic and tight blood pressure control.  ­ In a report by Singh NP, 2003, it is suggested that the incidence of diabetic kidney disease can be reduced by:   tight blood glucose control, blood pressure control, rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade and protein restriction. Causes of microvascular damage in diabetes: Long standing hyperglycemia lead to a number of damages including: Advanced glycosylated end products (AGES) Oxidative stress Increased sorbitol (polyol pathway) Increase in hexosamine pathway Impaired endothelial function Immune effect All these damages result in microvascular complications of diabetes. Advanced glycosylated end-products (AGEs): Chronic hyperglycemia causes increased glycosylation of proteins leading to AGEs, which in turn results in loss of structure and function, turning on/off signal pathways within cells and alteration in gene expression. AGEs are sugar-derived compounds, glucose binds amino groups on proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to form AGEs.   AGEs form at a constant but slow rate throughout your life (even as an embryo) (Peppa et al, 2003). AGEs interact with RAGE (surface AGE-binding receptors) resulting in proinflammatory effects, formation reactive oxygen species, loss of oxidants (oxidative stress) and altered gene transcription. Levels of AGEs relates to extent of microvascular complications in diabetes.   AGEs contributes to atheromatous plaque by stimulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and the deposition of oxidized LDL. AGEs leads to endothelial dysfunction, macrophage activation, and impaired vascular smooth muscle cell function.   Experimentally, AGEs cause glomerular damage and proteinuria. Oxidative stress and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Oxidative stress is an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidants.   Oxygen is used by cells to carry out their normal functions and as a side effect produces free radicals.   Free radicals are missing an electron so are unstable and highly reactive.   Free radicals steal electrons from molecules within cells causing oxidative damage to proteins, membranes and genes. Polyol pathway/aldose reductase: Aldose reductase (AR) normally reduces toxic aldehydes into inactive alcohols inside the cells. Glucose perfuses into some cells without insulin e.g. nerves.   During hyperglycaemic condition, AR reduces that excess glucose to sorbitol (a polyol).   Polyols are trapped inside the cells creating an osmotic gradient.   Sodium and water flow into the cell resulting in oedema. But sorbitol can be metabolised to fructose by the actions of sorbitol dehydrogenase.   High fructose leads to AGEs resulting in more cell damage (Takaqi et al, 1995). Hexosamine pathway: Glucose is mainly metabolised through glycolysis, some gets diverted into an alternative pathway, ending up as UDP (urine diphosphate) N-acetyl glucosamine.   This alters transcription factors, often leading to pathologic changes in gene expression e.g. increased expression of transforming growth factor-B1 and plaminogen activator inhibitor-1, which damages blood vessels. Endothelial dysfunction pathogenesis: Hyperglycemia leading to the formation of AGEs, ROS, the glycosylation of proteins and increased inflammatory cytokines etc.   As a result   small blood vessels, particularly the endothelium are damaged causing vasoconstriction, ischemia, and reduced flow to tissues that rely on the vessel for oxygen and nutrients. Growth factors are also released leading to the blood vessel wall thickening and occlusion of small blood vessels. Nerve growth factors (NGF) and factors like it are damaged.   These factors keep nerves healthy and capable of re-growth if damaged. Changes to the immune system lead to release of toxic cytokines, blockage of blood vessels with leukocytes and loss of normal immune cell action. In this dissertation, a recent aspect of one of the above causes of microvascular damage of diabetes leading to nephropathy will be considered. Current studies have uncovered new insights in the role of oxidative stress in diabetic renal disease, suggesting a different and innovative approach to a possible â€Å"casual† antioxidant therapy. In this dissertation the role oxidative stress may play in the development of diabetic kidney disease will be discussed.   The role of antioxidant therapy in managing or delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy will be addressed. REFERENCES: Ahmedani M Y, (2005) Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Karachi: Pakistan A Multi-center Study: jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=856 ABPI Report Scotland, (2005)The future burden of CHD and Diabetes in Scotland: The value of health care innovation. Available at: s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.abpi.org.uk//50031328.pdf Diabetes fact. (2011) Available at: worlddiabetesfoundation.org/composite-35.htm Diabetes (2011), Available at: who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ Diabetic Nephropathy 2003. Available at: datamonitor.com/Products/Free/Brief/BFHC0625/010BFHC0625.pdf Express news report, India has largest number of diabetes patients: Report (2009) indianexpress.com/news/india-has-largest-number-of-diabetes-patient/531240/ Diabetes in the UK 2004, www.diabetes.org.uk/Documents/Reports/in_the_UK_2004.doc Guillausseau, (2011)   Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk: kidney function is pivota. Available at: diafocus.com/2011/01/11/type-2-diabetes-and-cardiovascular-risk-kidney-function-is-pivotal/ Peppa M, Uribarri J, Vlassara H, 2003, Glucose, Advanced Glycation End Products, and Diabetes Complications:   What is New and What Works. Available at: http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/content/21/4/186.full Stratton IM, (2009) Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective observational study   Available at: http://articulos.sld.cu/medicinainterna/files/2009/10/association-of-glycaemia-with-macrovascular-and-microvascular.pdf Scottish  Diabetes  Framework. (2002) Available at: scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2002/04/14452/1986 Scottish Diabetes Survey 2003, Available at: scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/10/20023/44203 Singh NP, Singh D, 2003, Diabetes Mellitus – An Overview For Family Physicians. Available at: http://delhimedicalcouncil.nic.in/diabetes-mellitus.html Sign 116, Available at:   sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign116.pdf Scottish Diabetes Survey 2010, Available at:   diabetesinscotland.org.uk/Publications/Scottish%20Diabetes%20Survey%202010.pdf Takaqi Y, Kashiwaqi A, Tanaka Y, Asahina T, Kikkawa R, Shigeta Y, 1995, Significance of fructose-induced protein oxidation and formation of advanced glycation end product.   Available at: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7599353 Viswanathan V, (1999) Type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in India- magnitude of the problem.   Available at: http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/12/2805.full WILD S et al, (2004) Global Prevalence of Diabetes.   Available at: who.int/diabetes/facts/en/diabcare0504.pdf WDD06 – Karachi, (2006). Diabetes kills without distinction. Available at: idf.org/wdd06-karachi

The Complete List of Colleges That Require Interviews

The Complete List of Colleges That Require Interviews SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many colleges askyou to interview with an alum or admissions officer as part of the application process. This article has the full list of schools that require, recommend, or offer interviews, and it will give you some pointers onhow to figure out your college’s interview policy. To start off, let’s review the point of the college interview. Is your interviewer evaluating you, or is the meeting simply a chance for you to learn more about the school? Why Do Colleges GiveInterviews? Colleges hold interviews for a couple of different purposes. The most common perception is that interviews are meant to evaluate you. Your interviewer is sizing you up and will report back to the school with her two cents on whether or not you’d be a good fit. For the majority ofcollege interviews, this is mostly true. While a college interviewer doesn’t have a huge say in who gets in and who doesn’t, she does contribute to the decision by sharing herperception of your personality, strengths, weaknesses, and goals.Often the most selective schools use evaluative interviews, like Harvard (and most of the Ivy Leagues), Wesleyan, and Hamilton College. Most college interviewers aren't trying to put you on the spot, though. Rather, they use interviewsas a way to get to know you further, beyond the written component of your application. Rather thandrill you with questions, they often wantto engage you in conversation about your interests and passions. Interviewerswant to learn more about your goals and assist you in figuring out whether the college is the right place to achieve them.According to some colleges, the report from an interviewer almost alwayshelps your candidacy because it helps flesh you out as a multidimensional person. While most interviews are evaluative, some are merely offered to be informational. Informational interviews are offeredto help you learn more about the school and get all your questions answered bysomeone who attended. These interviews are meant to be for your benefit, and usually, interviewers don’t issue a report to any admissions committees. Some schools that offer purely informational interviews are Cornell, Vassar, and Colby. Colleges that consider interviews when they evaluate you typically require or strongly recommend the interview (for all intents and purposes, let’s just interpret â€Å"recommend† as â€Å"require†). Those that offer informational interviews often present them as optional. Flipped around, you can usually safely assume that a required interview is evaluative. Optional interviews are often more informational, with a few exceptions, like Tufts and Northwestern.If an interview’s optional, it’s still a good idea to set one up. Not only will you make a good contact and learn a lot, but you’ll be actively demonstrating your interest in the college! So to sum up, college interviews, like the Harvard interview, can be evaluative and consideredin admissions decisions, or informational, like the Cornell interview, and meant solely to teach you about the school. Evaluative interviews are also informationalin many ways;it’s definitely a good ideato prepare and ask questions and learn about the college. Regardless of what kind of interview the college offers, it will be your responsibility to set one up. How do you go about setting up your college interview? You might meet at a local coffee shop, where you can express your enthusiasm in cappuccino foam. How Do You Set Up an Interview? Most interviews are conducted by alumni of the college. These alumni live all over the country or internationally, so they’re able to meet with most students at their high schools or at a nearby coffee shopor library.When I interviewed, I met in a cafe, my local library, and two alums' houses - which, in retrospect, is kind ofstrange. Most colleges are clear that you should meet in a public place, not go to an interviewer'sprivate home. Colleges vary in their procedures when it comes to interviews. Some ask you to set one up after you’ve applied and they’ve begun to process your application. Others may ask you to indicate on your application whether or not you’d like to have an interview (these are the optional ones). More selective schools, typically those with required interviews, often want you to request an interview a few weeks earlier than your application deadline. MIT and Wellesley, for instance, set interview request deadlines in mid-October for students planning to apply early action and in mid-December for students applying regular decision. These deadlines are a couple of weeks earlier than your application deadline, so you’ll need to research the process at your prospective colleges early. If you have any interviews, you’ll have to keep track of the interview deadline, not just your overall application due date. Once you’ve made your request, the college will usually put you in touch with a local alum. Then you’ll set up a time and place that works for both of you. At this point, some readers may be sharinga very specific worry: what if there are no interviewers in myarea? If you don't have an interviewer close by, then the college simply tears up your application. KIDDING. If an interview's impossible, it won't negatively affect your chances in any way. What If You Don’t Have a Local Interviewer? Most students will have at least one interviewer in their area, at least for those schools that require interviews. Alumni networks are often wide-ranging. However, if you’re one of the few students that doesn’t have an alum in your area, many schools will allow you to have an online interview, typically over Skype or Gchat, or one on the phone. If this is the case, most schools share Brown’s view: â€Å"All interviews, whether in-person, at interviewing day, by phone or by Skype/G-Chat are considered equally by the Office of College Admission.† If an online or phone interviewdoesn’t work either for some reason, then don’t worry!Your inability to set up an interview won’t be held against you. Even if the interview’s required, schools aren’t going to punish you for where you live. Nor will it affect you negatively if there are simply too many applicants and not enough interviewers. Make every effort to meet interview request deadlines and/or set up an online meeting, but don’t worry if it’s just not possible. You can rest assured that it won’t detract from your application. Before getting into the full list of colleges’ interview policies, let’s first consider the rules at Ivy League colleges, all but one of which strongly recommend or require an interview. Ivy, the patron plant of perfect SAT scores. Interview Policies of Ivy League Schools If you’re planning to apply to Ivy League schools, then you know that their expectations are as rigorous as they come. Most require the maximum number of teacher recommendations and SAT Subject Tests, not to mention a high GPA, strong extracurricular background, and competitive test scores. Why wouldn’t they also require an evaluative interview as part of this intensive process? They would, and they do. For every school but Cornell, evaluative interviews are a required part of the application process.Admissions committeesaren’t too transparent about exactly how much interviews count toward the decision. An interviewcertainly shouldn’t make or break your application or even count all that significantly in the admissions decision, but when applying to such selective schools, every aspect counts. A great interview could give you a competitive edge over another applicant with similar credentials. The chart below shows the interview policies of the eight Ivy League colleges. As mentioned above, you should pretty much consider â€Å"recommended† to mean the same as â€Å"required.† Click on a school’s name if you’d like to read its official statement on college interviews. College Interview Policy Interview Purpose Brown Required Evaluative Columbia Required Evaluative Cornell* Required for Architecture program and the School of Hotel Administration, recommended for the Art program Informational Dartmouth Recommended Evaluative Harvard Required Evaluative Princeton Recommended Evaluative University of Pennsylvania Required Evaluative Yale Recommended Evaluative *Cornell is the only Ivy League school that doesn’t schedule interviews for a majority of candidates. Cornell makes sure to emphasize that its interviews are informational, rather than evaluative: "Once you apply to Cornell, an alumnus or alumna in your area may contact you to schedule a time to talk. While this optional, informal conversation helps the admission committee get to know you better, its main purpose is to give you an opportunity to ask any questions you may have about Cornell. This meeting does not serve as an admissions interview.† Since we’re already talking about the interview policies of Ivy League schools, let’s also take a closer look at other highly selective colleges that require interviews as part of their admissions processes. If you’re applying to any of the Ivies, you might also have one or more of the schools below on your college list. What Goldilocks wasto porridge, these schools are to their applicants. This mayhave made more sense in the old days of SAT analogies. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Interview Policies of Highly Selective Colleges Some of the following schools require interviews, while others simply recommend them or offer them as an option. As mentioned above, it’s always a good idea to seize an opportunity to demonstrate your interest ina school. Especially with these highly selective schools that use holistic admissions processes, it’s always helpful to reveal more of who you are, what motivates you, and why you’re enthusiastic to attend. And remember how I said to read â€Å"recommended† as â€Å"required†? MIT hints at the same interpretation: â€Å"We don't just want to see how you look on paper: we're interested in the whole person†¦.Interviews are strongly recommended. In fact, last year, of eligible applicants, we admitted 10.8% of those who had an interview (or who had their interview waived) but only 1% of those who chose not to interview.† Loud and clear, MIT. Interviews matter. The schools with optional, informational interviews aren't so intense. While I’d still advise you to take advantage of the offer, it shouldn’t negatively impact your application if you don’t choose to schedule an interview with them. Check out the chart below for the interview policies of some selective colleges. As with the info above, you can click on the school’s name to go to its official site and learn more about how its interview process. College Interview Policy InterviewPurpose Bates College Recommended Evaluative Bowdoin College Recommended Evaluative Carnegie Mellon Recommended Evaluative Colby College Recommended Evaluative Colgate University Optional Informational Connecticut College Recommended Evaluative Duke Recommended Evaluative Emory Recommended Evaluative Georgetown University Required Evaluative Hamilton College Recommended Evaluative Haverford College Recommended Evaluative Johns Hopkins Optional Informational Middlebury College Recommended Evaluative MIT Strongly recommended Evaluative Northwestern Optional Evaluative Pomona Recommended Evaluative Rice Recommended Evaluative Stanford Optional Evaluative Swarthmore College Recommended Evaluative Trinity College Recommended Evaluative Tufts University Optional Evaluative Union College Recommended Evaluative University of Chicago Recommended Evaluative University of MichiganAnn Arbor Recommended for applicants to College of Engineering Evaluative Vanderbilt Optional Evaluative Vassar College Optional Informational Wake Forest University Recommended Evaluative Washington University in St. Louis Optional Wellesley Recommended Evaluative Wesleyan University Recommended Evaluative Many of the schools on the above list are highly selective, and many of them encourage applicants to interview so they gain a more complete sense of each student as a â€Å"whole person.† Other schools have different purposes for interviews, as you’ll seebelow. Gather round! We're heading tothe full list of colleges that require interviews. Full List of Colleges That RequireInterviews Like the schools above, most of the schools on this complete list use interviews to evaluate a candidate as part of their admissions process. While interviews help admissions committees get orknow a student better, they may also have more specific purposes. Some interviews are meant to help an applicant with academic and career planning. Many art, design, and performance schools on the list below hold interviews to review and discuss a portfolio. For instance,Moore College of Art and Design and Milwaukee Institute of Art and Design hold this kind of portfolio review interview. Religious institutions, likeBrigham Young University, Gordon College, and Yeshiva University, talk to a candidate about her religious beliefs and the kind of commitment she can make to their community. Others, like Bard College at Simon's Rock and Naropa University, are looking to get to know candidates better and gauge their overall fit with their very unique college communities. I’ve provided the full list below, along with the purpose of interviews for most of the schools that offer them. If you can fill in any of the blanks, let me know in the comments! College Interview Policy Interview Purpose American Academy of Art Required Evaluative Bard College at Simon's Rock Required Evaluative Berea College Required Evaluative Berklee College of Music Required Evaluative Bethesda University of California Required Evaluative Boricua College Required Evaluative Brigham Young University Required Ecclesiastical endorsement Brooks Institute Required Evaluative Cairn University Required Evaluative Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Required Evaluative Cogswell Polytechnical College Required Evaluative College of the Ozarks Required Evaluative Colorado Technical University Required Evaluative Dallas Christian College Required Evaluative Divine Word College Required Evaluative Goddard College Required Evaluative Gordon College Required Evaluative Hamilton Technical College Required Evaluative Hebrew Theological College Required Evaluative Hellenic College Required Evaluative (hierarch's evaluation and priest's recommendation for seminarian applicants) Holy Apostles College and Seminary Required Evaluative Jones College Required Evaluative Juilliard School Required as part of audition callback process Kaplan University Required Evaluative Kendall College Required Evaluative LIM College Recommended Lipscomb University Optional Informational Lyme Academy College of Fine Arts Recommended Mary Baldwin College Recommended Marylhurst University Required Evaluative Mercy College Required for certain programs Evaluative Milwaukee Institute of Art Design Recommended Monroe College Required Evaluative Moore College of Art and Design Recommended Evaluative Mt. Sierra College Recommended Naropa University Required Evaluative Northwest College of Art and Design Required Informational Paier College of Art Required Evaluative Paul Quinn College Required Evaluative Point Park University Required for applicants to stage-management and technical theatre/design Evaluative Pontifical College Josephinum Required Evaluative Rocky Mountain College of Art Design Required Evaluative Sacred Heart Major Seminary Required Evaluative Santa Fe University of Art and Design Required Evaluative Shimer College Required Evaluative State University of New York Upstate Medical University Required Evaluative Stevens Institute of Technology Required for Accelerated Pre-Medicine applicants, optional for all other applicants Evaluative Sullivan University Required The King's College Recommended United States Air Force Academy Required Evaluative United States Naval Academy Required Evaluative University of North Carolina School of the Arts Required Evaluative University of Waterloo Required for School of Architecture Evaluative VanderCook College of Music Required Evaluative West Coast University Required Evaluative Western Governors University Required Evaluative Westwood College Required Evaluative Yeshiva University Required Evaluative Since there are thousands of colleges across the US and admissions policies are always changing, it’s important for you to be able to track down this kind of information on your own. If you have questions about a school that’s not on this list or want to learn more about a prospective college’s interview policies on your own, how can you go about finding this information? How can you bring your school's interview policy front and center? How to Research College Interview Policies If you click on the names of any of the colleges above, you’ll be brought to its official admissions page, specifically one with information about college interviews. By simply going to your colleges’ official site and locating the page with information on applying, you should be able to learn more details about each step of the process. If this information is not readily available, then you should contact the admissions office by email, a form on its website, or phone call (usually the fastest option during business hours). Ask the office about their policies around interviews - or any other questions you have. Make sure to investigate at least a month before your application deadlines - as you saw above, interview request deadlines can be weeks earlier than application deadlines. You may also search for other students’ experiences with interviews on discussion forums like College Confidential. Students may share questions they were asked and how they prepared, though keep in mind that every alum interviewer may be different. Some colleges that require interviews or offer them give helpful suggestions for questions you might be asked on their websites, and you can find other prompts online and practice what your responses. Once you know exactly when and how to set up your interview, spend some time preparing questions and answers. That way you can make the most of the conversation, connect with your interviewer, and demonstrate both your qualifications and enthusiasm for your college of choice. What’s Next? Apart from practicing your answers to common interview questions, you should prepare some thoughtful questions to ask your interviewer. But you don’t have to come up with them all on your own! This helpful guide contains some of the best questions to ask your college interviewer. In addition tothe interview, you have plenty of other steps to take when putting together your application.For a complete overview, check out our guide to the entire college application process, step by step. Are you a top student aiming to get into the Ivy League? This Harvard alum shares exactly what it takes to get accepted to Harvard and other Ivy League schools. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Binding and Control of the Female Form within the Masculine Gaze Essay

The Binding and Control of the Female Form within the Masculine Gaze - Essay Example Through Georgia O’Keefe, however, the association of the female form at its most intimate when it is revealed through the aspects of nature allows for a sense of desire to be viewed without overtones of violence or degradation. As the discussion turns to the public sphere, the idea of the female in the work place, the concept of domination becomes more acutely visible, the vulnerability of the nude replaced by the idea of male domination over female office workers whose existence is dependent upon their beauty and sexual appeal. Within the span between the mid 19th century to the mid 20th century, the vulnerability of the female form turned from the willingness to accept those chains to the tension of patriarchal subjugation in the public sphere. The female nude has been a subject for art for centuries. The nude form reveals human beings at their most vulnerable. One of the best examples of this type of vulnerability can be seen in the sculpture titled The Dying Gaul (Figure 1 ). In order to understand the human belief in the idea of the nude it is interesting to examine this expressive piece of sculpture from the Hellenistic period. While the original does not exist, antiquity has saved the Roman copy of this piece in order to give to posterity an example of the human view of nudity as it relates to vulnerability. The warrior is nude in order to humiliate him and his homeland, unclothed to denote his weakness without weapons or armor on the field of battle (Perry, 1882). His death is not complete; he lives in the state between life and death as he leans against his hand contemplating the wound that will take his life. He is vulnerable to all things at this point, his strength waning as his body is without protection. In looking at this nude, the viewer can begin to see how the female nude can be understood in relationship to her environment. Figure 1 They Dying Gaul (Ancient Encyclopedia History, 2012) The female nude, on the other hand, is in a conflict ed state for the viewer. The female nude has the power of her sexuality to move those who view her. Being nude leaves the female in a state of vulnerability, an essential violence on the fringes of how she is viewed. The nude and the romanticized idea of rape are never far from one another as she is represented in a form that evokes fear and sometimes anger. Anger can be found through the fear that her sexuality can motivate, manipulate, and make men violate their own principles in order to get near her in that state. It was, after all, the desire for a woman that launched a thousand ships against the city of Troy. The female nude is in a state of vulnerability, but she also has power and creates a conflict upon the viewer. This element of vulnerability and the conflict of sexual power that is held by women has been a resource for artistic creation throughout history. In the history of American art, however, the female nude has been a resource from which to identify the changing rol es of the female gender as it has been reflected through

American Conflicts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

American Conflicts - Research Paper Example The Revolution was seen as a war of independence. There are several stages in a revolution. One stage is that â€Å"the various fibers are knit together† and you have to stretch some parts while loosening the other parts. There can several analogies of a revolution. But one thing is certain, there has to be changed. Revolution is changing, and the change can be in the system, in the method and the ways of ruling. The social consequences of a revolution are not the result of the wishes and plans of those who started the revolution but by the desires of those who are in control. The American Revolution was started by only a few compared to the population at that time. It was started by a numerical minority, â€Å"just like the Viet Cong†, although by the end of the revolution, the majority of the colonists may have supported the struggle against Great Britain. The war between the Patriots and Tories resembled like the Vietnam-Vietcong conflict. The Americans sought foreig n aid instead of foreign alliance. John Adams warned that alliances would entrap America in future European wars.   For instance, the French did not want a second American invasion of Canada, and the French did not want the new United States full control of the North American continent because they had the fishing rights in the Mississippi.Wars mar the history of a nation (Morris, 1969, p. 350). The Civil War in America’s history, which marked its 150th year in 2011, tested the American spirit.

Three Day Food Intake Paper Essay Example for Free

Three Day Food Intake Paper Essay The proper nutrition plays a major role in having good health. Without the proper nutrients the body cannot function proper and can open the body up to any number of disease like heart disease, some cancers, diabetes, obesity, anemia, and high blood pressure. During this three day intake this writer has learn about her eating habits and ways to improve them. Proteins The Daily Recommended Intake Report states this writer should be getting 102 to 356 grams of protein a day in her diet, but she is only getting 82 grams a day which is below the recommended range. This can be a problem if she does not get the recommended amounts her body needs. According, to the Office of Women’s Health (2008). Women need protein to help break down food for energy and breaking down toxins in the body. She can increase the amount of protein she gets by eating more red meats, eggs, nuts, peanut butter, beans, lentils, milk, and soy products. Carbohydrates The Daily Recommended Intake Report states this person should be getting 458 to 661 grams of carbohydrates a day in her diet. She is only getting 308 grams which is well below the The recommended amount for her body. Carbohydrates provides energy the cells in her brain, nervous system, and blood. It also, supplies her muscles while she exercise. Without carbohydrates her body will not have the energy it needs to proform properly. She can increase the carbohydrates she needs by eating more complex carbs like- salads and pastas. Also, staying away from the simple carbs like sugar. Lipids and Fiber The Daily Recommended Intake Report states this person should be getting less than 30 grams of fat in her diet a day. She is now getting 41. 3 grams of fat in a day. The American Heart Association (2013) recommends that a person should not eat more that 25 to 35 % of fat in their diet a day and of this amount no more than 7 percent of it should be saturated fats. This writer can reduce she total daily intake of fats by consuming more food that are low in saturated fats. Also, she can cook her foods with oils like corn oil, canola oil, and olive oil. We needed some fats in our diet to help provide a source of energy. It is also, used by the body to absorb certain vitamins from food we eat. This writer should be getting 25 grams of fiber a day in her diet (K. Zelman, 2011). Right now she is only getting 12 grams which is only 48. 2 % of the daily recommended amount. By not having the right amount of fiber in her diet can lead to constipation, higher LDL levels, and high blood sugar levels. In turn this can lead to colon cancer and diabetes. She can reduce her chances of these diseases by eating more dark green leafy vegetables, corn, nuts, whole wheat products, beans, and fruits. Dietary Modifications This writer has identify many patterns in her diet that need to be change in order to lose the extra weight that has put her at risk. She needs to eat more regularly and the right types of foods for her nutritional needs. She needs to get moving more and not just sit around the house doing nothing. She needs to add more fruits, vegetables, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water to her diet. She needs to stay away from the simple carbs and go for the more complex carbs that will help to give her the fuel that her body needs. According to Mary Fetzer (2012), â€Å"Fiber helps to keep you feeling full and satisfied and more in control of your appetite and weight. † This writer can help herself to achieve her goal of a healthy weight and body by making some modifications to her diet and life style. By eating more of the foods that help her to get all the vitamins, minerals, and water that her body need she can help herself to prevent heart disease, some cancers, diabetes , high blood pressure, kidney disease, high cholesterol (especially the levels of LDL the bad cholesterol). If she follow her plan to change her eating habits she can change her health for the better.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter From a Birmingham Jail Essay

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s â€Å"Letter From a Birmingham Jail† In King’s essay, â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail†, King brilliantly employs the use of several rhetorical strategies that are pivotal in successfully influencing critics of his philosophical views on civil disobedience. King’s eloquent appeal to the logical, emotional, and most notably, moral and spiritual side of his audience, serves to make â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail† one of the most moving and persuasive literary pieces of the 20th century. In Birmingham, Ala., in the spring of 1963, King's campaign to end segregation at lunch counters and segregated hiring practices drew nationwide attention when police turned attacks dogs and fire hoses on peaceful demonstrators. King was jailed along with a large number of his supporters, including hundreds of schoolchildren. When white clergy, strongly opposed to Kings position on nonviolent passive resistance, issued a statement urging the blacks not to support the demonstrations, King penned a letter of remarkable eloquence which spelled out his philosophy of nonviolence disobedience. In â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail†, King expresses his extreme disappointment over the criticism of his leadership by Alabama clergymen, his understanding of why oppressed people must resist their oppression, and his deep faith in the fundamental decency of all Americans. In â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail† King demonstrates exceptional literary prowess through his mastery of several rhetorical strategies to persuade. King’s strategy to influence his audience in â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail† is that of a three-pronged approach. In an attempt to sway his fellow clergymen King argues his position with passion and conviction as he respectfully appeals to the logical, emotional and spiritual psyche of his critics. Kings first attempt to reach his reader is through his appeal to their logic or reasoning. He does this by presenting a direct relationship between the reasoning for his position against segregation and argument for it’s resulting actions of civil disobedience by those oppressed by it. This approach is most evident when King gives the reasoning for his statement, "I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro's great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen's Councilor or the Klu Klux Klanner, but the white moderate... ...l, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid" (160). Petitioning to the readers moral conscience King beliefs that righteous minded individuals are more apt to intervene against oppression if asked to question their own ethics. Through his references to history, his elegant prose, and his thoughtful analysis of the condition of Blacks, his essay reveals a writer of extraordinary skill and intellect. His rhetorical approach in detailing the disparity of the oppressed, courageous, non-violent people of his era proves that â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† is without question, one of most important documents of the civil rights movement. King’s ability to communicate the plight of the disenfranchised of American society helped galvanize a generation and change the social fabric of an entire nation. Works Cited King Jr., Martin L. â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail†. A World of Ideas. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus. Boston/New York: Bedford/St. Martins, 1998. 153-69 Zepp, Ira G., Jr. The Social Vision of Martin Luther King Jr. New York: Carlson Publishing Inc., 1989. 123-47 Walton, Hanes Jr. The Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr. New York: Greenwood Press, 1971

The Vicks business in India

1. 0 Name and description of company for which marketing plan is being developed. A brand of Proctor & Gamble (P&G), Vicks is India’s No. 1 Cough & Cold Brand. It created the cough & cold Over-the-Counter (OTC) category in India way back in 1952 and has led the category till date. Today it has completed almost 60 years in India. Its current portfolio in India comprises Vicks Vapor, Vicks Cough Drops, Vicks Action 500 Extra, Vicks Inhaler and Vicks VapoCool. Vicks has been rated as the #1 cough & cold brand trusted by doctors. The Vicks business in India is the biggest in the ASEAN-Australasia-India (AAI) region and the second biggest in the world after USA. Over the years, Vicks has launched several heart-tugging advertising campaigns, some of which were – the ‘Happy Birthday Mummy’, ‘Touch Therapy’, ‘6 symptom’ campaigns for Vicks VapoRub, the ‘Khich Khich Dooor Karo’ ad for Vicks Cough Drops and the ‘Haan Bhai Haan’ ad for Vicks Action 500. All variants of Vicks have continued to be consumer favourites over the years 1. 1 HISTORY. In 1890, pharmacist Lunsford Richardson took over the retail drug business of his brother-in-law Dr. Joshua Vick, of Greensboro, North Carolina. [1] After Dr. Joshua Vick saw an ad for Vick's Seeds, Lunsford Richardson began marketing Vick’s Family Remedies. [1] The basic ingredients of the range included castor oil, liniment, ‘dead shot' vermifuge. [1] The most popular remedy was Croup and Pneumonia Salve, which was first compounded in 1891, in Greensboro. It was introduced in 1905 with the name Vick's Magic Croup Salve and rebranded as VapoRub in 1912 at the instigation of Smith Richardson, Lunsford's oldest son[1]  ; Smith had gained valuable sales and marketing experience while working for a period in New York and Massachusetts after attending college. Smith Richardson assumed the presidency of the company in 1919 upon his father's death. The flu epidemic of 1918 increased sales of VapoRub from $900,000 to $2. 9 million in just one year. In 1948, Edward Mabry became president of Vicks (the first outside the Richardson family), then known as the Vicks Chemical Company. In 1985, it was sold to Procter & Gamble and Procter & Gamble has since marketed the product as â€Å"The only thing more powerful than a mother's touch. † The company archives (including related personal records of the Richardson family) from at least about 1920 or so, up to the 1985 sale to Procter & Gamble, are housed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1. 2 Products offered by the company: VicksVapoRub-Is a Decongestant Vaporizing Ointment for topical use. – Ayurvedic medicine. Vicks CoughDrops-Is a Cough Drop that provides relief from throat irritation. Ayurvedic medicine. VicksAction500Extra-Is a Colds Medicine for relief of multiple cold symptoms such as blocked nose (nasal congestion), headache, bodyache, sore throat pain and associated lethargy. Vicks Inhaler- Inhaler for a feeling of relief from stuffy nose. Ayurvedic medicine. It is easy to carry in a pocket or purse. Provides fast and temporary feeling of relief from stuffy nose. Inhale deeply to make breathing feel clear and cool. Vicks VapoCool-This is the latest offering from Vicks in India. Launched in Oct 2011, it is a new premium throat drop specially formulated to provide 2 way relief which soothes the throat and relieves blocked nose at the same time. It is currently available in two flavours viz. Menthol & Peppermint. 2. 0 Description of product for which we will develop marketing Plan Vicks VapoRub vicks vaporub ointment is a mentholated topical cream manufactured by Vicks, intended to assist with minor medical conditions that temporarily impair breathing, including the common cold. It is applied to the chest, often immediately before sleeping. VapoRub is currently manufactured and packaged in India and Mexico. In Germany it is sold under the name WICK VapoRub. Vicks VapoRub has endeared itself to the Indian consumer and finds its place in every Indian home, due to its proven performance over the years against cold. Vicks VapoRub provides safe and effective multi-symptom relief from the six symptoms of cold, namely – blocked nose, cough, body ache, headache, muscle-stiffness and breathing difficulty due to cold. The medicinal properties of Vicks VapoRub’s natural ingredients – Nilgiri (Eucalyptus Oil), Pudina (Menthol) and Kapoor (Camphor) provide effective relief from these six symptoms of cold. Vicks VapoRub is available in four pack sizes of 50gm jar, 25gm jar, 10 gm dibbi and a 5 gm dibbi. 3. 0 Objectives of the marketing plan for which you will develop a marketing plan. Our objective is to set an alternate strategy to * Provide reinforcement of the product as it has already at maturity stage of PLC. * Increase the market penetration of vicks vaporub . The total business of Vicks Vaporub depends upon the winter season. If there is no winter, there is no requirement of any product of Vicks, therefore another objective of the marketing plan would be to increase market share by the winter of 2012 from the existing market share. 4. 0 List of specific background information needed to complete the plan * We have to determine current market share of vicks vaporub through secondary data analysis. * We have to determine the current strategy followed by vicks vaporub in India? We will try to find out Potential demand for vicks vaporub in the market * Core competencies of vicks vaporub * We will try to identify who are the direct and the indirect competitors for our product. * What are side effects by vicks vaporub and the methods to tackle it? * How the communication strategy vicks vaporub is has in India? * How is the current distribution channel vicks vaporub has in India? * Identify if a change is required in current pricing strategy? * SWOT analysis of vicks vaporub ? 5. 0. List of possible information sources to answer each questions listed in 4. 1. www. vicks. co. in 2. www. ijrcm. org. in International Journal of Research in commerce, IT and Management.VICKS VAPORUB – MOTHER’S TOUCH THERAPY: A CASE STUDY-by RAJNI KAMBOJ 3. http://books. google. co. in/books Brand Positioning: Strategies for Competitive Advantage -by Subroto Sengupta 4. We w ill try get more information by data collection and analysis through personal Interview as well as survey. 6. 0 List of activities/tasks necessary to complete the marketing plan. secondary data analysis * questionnaire preparation * data collection * Use of various statistical tools for the data analysis * Finally we will formulate a Strategy based on the analysis and interpretation of the results of the above activities. Sr No. | Topic | Page No. | 1. 0| Name and description of company for which marketing plan is being developed| 1| 1. 1| History| 1| 1. 2| Products offered by the company| 2| 2. 0| Description of product for which we will develop marketing Plan| 3| 3. 0| Objectives of the marketing plan for which you will develop a marketing plan. 4| 4. 0| List of specific background information needed to complete the plan| 4| 5. 0| List of possible information sources to answer each questions listed in 4. 0| 5| 6. 0| List of activities/tasks necessary to complete the marketing Plan | 6| 7. 0| Estimated time table for completion of all activities| 7| | | | 8. 0| Mission| 8| 9. 0| Macro Environment| 8| 10. 0| Industry Analysis| 11| 11. 0| Competition| 14| | | | 12. 0| Market Segment| 22| 13. 0| Target Segment| 23| 14. 0| Positioning| 23| 8. 0 Mission 8. 1 Mission Statement We will provide branded products and services of superior quality and value that improve the lives of the world's consumers. As a result, consumers will reward us with leadership sales, profit, and value creation, allowing our people, our shareholders, and the communities in which we live and work to prosper. 8. 2 Principal objectives for starting the business. Vicks cares about people, whether they are ill and trying to get better,  or well and trying to stay that way. So we create respiratory products and services that treat the symptoms and nurture the body. . 0 Macro Environment: 9. 1 In what ways will changes in the general levels of national economic activities affect your business over the next three to five years? * The Indian economy is emerging with remarkable rapidity from the Slowdown caused by the global financial crisis of 2007-09. * Backed by a rise in the domestic savings and investment rates, a revival of growth in agriculture and resilience in the manufacturing an d services sector, India has displayed a great recovery post the global slowdown. * However, persistent inflationary environment remains a Big challenge. The rise in demand coupled with strong supply bottlenecks is a catalyst for inflation * If the GDP goes higher and the purchasing power of the lower and middle class increases, there might not be a shift of preference of Vicks product because most of Vicks products have low prices. Our Product is usually basic need; it does not give you the sense of pride or usage glamour. So there might be one bottle in every house hold but the sales of Vicks will not increase much, unless they take up serious rejuvenating action on the brand and its 4 p aspects. Since Vicks is not a costly product the general level of economic activities will not have a very big impact on the sales of the product. 9. 1 Will changes in your local economy affect our business? Factors such as tax increase or fuel price fluctuation will affect the business or allow competition to creep in ,However Vicks has tackled such problems in the past by considerably reducing its cost of marketing and distribution. Moreover the loyal customers will still buy it not only because it is comparatively lesser priced but because they know it is quality, best value for price the pay to buy it. . 2 Do you foresee any competitors from overseas? The threat of competitors from overseas is very low because there are already many products in this sector by the same company and it is not easy for the outside competitors to come and take the market share because the maximum market is taken by products from Vicks like Vicks vaporub, Vicks action 500 etc. and the trust that is already built by these products is not easy to be break. We don’t see any competitors from outside into this industry. 9. 3 The legislations that will affect your business. OTC Drugs' in common jargon means drugs which are legally allowed to be sold Over the Counter without the prescription of a Registered Medical Practitioner. The term is clumsy and creates a wrong impression about the official status of the drugs. In India, import, manufacture for sale and the sale and distribution of drugs and cosmetics is regulated by the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its subordinate legislation Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945. The phrase ‘Over the Counter' and its abbreviation ‘OTC' preparations have no legal recognition and are better referred to as ‘non-prescription drugs' and/or as ‘household remedies'. . 4 Will demographic changes affect your business? Age: Initially Vicks was targeted on children’s but later on company found it used by adults as well. Sinus patients also are targeted customer. Income: Since the product is not so costly so income doesn’t play major role in the purchasing the product. Vicks Vaporub is of fered in 5gm -50gm dibbi to cater to the needs across all segments of the society. Gender: Both Male and females can use the product Location: Certain geographic locations such as Colder regions, high altitude or hill stations will also have more have an effect on sales of Vicks Vaporub. 0. 0 Industry Analysis: 10. 1 Potential rate of growth of national industry. According to a survey done by ORG IMS estimate the OTC market in India would show rates of about 10-12%, of the entire OTC market the segment for cough, cold and fever show the least of about 1%. 10. 2 Ease of entry of new firms into industry. Industries vary with respect to the ease with which new sellers can enter them. The barriers to entry is one of the advantage Vicks Vaporub has already established in an industry that has a potential entrant. Such a barrier is generally measurable by the extent to which established sellers can persistently elevate their selling prices above minimal average costs without attracting new sellers. The economics of this industry is in such a way that new entrants would have to be able to command a substantial share of the market before they could operate profitably. 10. 3 Intensity of Competition among firms Vicks Vaporub already commanding a superior share of market, intensity of competition is considerably low. Moreover the constituents and benefits of the competitor products being almost the same. 10. Degree of product substitutability. It can be easily substituted since even the competitors products constitutes almost similar formula and act on similar symptoms ,Moreover it could also be substituted by Ayurvedha or allopathic remedies or homemade remedies. 10. 5 Degree of dependency of complementary or supporting products. Increased demand from pharma and other consuming industries mainly have been the cause for the recent increase the prices of menthol which is a major ingredient of Vicks Vaporub . The increased prices of Menthol will surely have affect on the cost of production of Vicks Vaporub. 0. 6 Degree of bargaining power This ‘over the counter’ medication is always a seller market as the customers won’t go for any bargaining for over the counter products. And the vicks loyalists don’t have any complaints about the accessibility or affordability of their favorable brand – a boon in the extremely price sensitivity Indian market. The product vicks has a very good bargaining power as it is doing good in the market by satisfying the consumer expectation. 10. 7 Technological sophistication in industry. * Vicks is coming up with various technologies in packaging. Today people look for one product with various benefits other than individual products for different problems and their lies the success of medicated treatments. * These products are used for the cough, headache and throat pain and so the products should be designed very carefully with improved technology. * There are various products coming in the market and there are various biotechnologies coming up which is still a nourishing the industry. 10. 8 Rate of innovation in the industry. Rate of innovation is very low since the constituents of the products are more or less similar from the time it had been launched. Sales of Vicks Vaporub mainly depend on advertisements and promotions. 10. 9 General level of Management capability? * Mr. S. Khosla has been Managing Director of Procter & Gamble Hygiene & Health Care Limited since June 1, 2007 and also serves as its CEO. * He is a B. Tech (Mechanical Engg. ) with a post graduation in Business Management. * He has been with P&G since 1983 and was leading the AAI Health Care Global Business Unit and Special Global Projects. He has over the period gained valuable †¦ experience of overseeing P&G's international business in UK, Malaysia and Japan. Mr. Khosla serves as a Member of Advisory Board for India at Catalyst Inc. * He has been Additional director of Gillette India Limited since December 31, 2005. * He serves as Member of the Board of Governors at Advertising Standards Council of India. Mr. S. Khosla is very valuable to P&G ,he is been with P&G for the past 29 years and is the right person to lead both as a CEO of the company as well as Mana ging Director. He been rated among top CEO’s of our country in survey by The Economic Times. 11. 0 Competition 11. 1 Structure of our market. The Vaporub segment in the market is dominated by Vicks Vaporub in India. Vicks commands a market share of over 60% in the cold balm/rub category. This industry is already saturated and vicks already being a dominant it has few competitors on cold/rub market, mainly zandu balm and Amrutajan. however it has also lost a small amount of share to some of the unbranded products aswell. 11. 2 Comparing our product with that of the competitor based on the following parameters such as: A) Quality: Ratings with respect to competitor: -3-2-10+1 +23 Vicks Vaporub has endeared itself to the Indian consumer and finds its place in every Indian home due to its proven performance over the years against cold. The constituents of Vicks vaporub are natural ingredients such as eucalyptus Oil, Menthol and camphor which are safe for external application as a regular basis and provides relief from the symptoms of cold. B) Reputation in eyes of the customers: Ratings with respect to competitor: -3-2-10+1+2+3 Being product from a reputed company such as P & G, Vicks has gained its share of reputation in the eyes of the customers. In a consumer research conducted by P & G and market research firm NFO-MBL(National Family Opinion-Market Bureau Ltd. )consumers rated Vicks Vaporub comparatively higher on parameters such as ‘Fast Relief’ and ‘Long Lasting Relief’. In addition ,they also rated Vicks Vaporub significantly better on key product attributes stating that it is ‘less Greasy’ and ‘Smells Beter’ and almost 89% of the respondents rated Vicks Vaporub as ‘Better than any cold rub ever used C. Prices: Ratings with respect to competitor: -3-2-10+1+2+3 25ml Box of Zandu Balm costs Rs. 0. 00, However 25 ml box of Vicks cost just Rs38. 00, It’s is very evident that Vicks is priced comparatively very lower to its nearest competitor. D) New products launch/development: Ratings with respect to competitor: -3-2-10+1+2+3 There is no plans of launching new product from Vicks as of now and also Zandu has no plans of releasing any new product in the pain reli ef segment ,however they have launched a wide variety of products in category of general health either in the form of tablets or Syrup,which posses no threat to our product. 1. 3 What exactly do you think makes your succesful competitor successful? This question does not apply since we dominate the market by 60%. 11. 4 Identification of the main competitors. Its main competitors are Emami’s Zandu balm having a market share of 27% and amrutanjan with 10% share; however the rest of the share is occupied by other branded and unbranded competitors. Therefore Zandu balm is our major competitor although Zandu Balm is not meant technically understood as a part f the Vaporub Segment yet because of similar characteristics it does compete with Vaporub products in areas and thus it has to be provided for as a competitor in the Vaporub segment. 11. 5 Main competitor’s principal weakness. Principle weakness of Zandu balm is the high price and also a Balm is being positioned in consumers mind has stronger and therefore preferable only for adults. Whereas Vicks Vaporub which was positioned as rub for the child’s cold from the beginning has crept into evry household and is also being used by adults since then. 11. Do you anticipate any new competitors coming into your market in the near future? As it this Cold/rub segment of the market has already reached the maturity and more over Vicks Vaporub is dominant in this market with few competitors,its is very difficult for new entrants, As of now there is no anticipation for new c ompetitors. 11. 7 Changes in the competitive approaches our has major competitor made in the last 12 months. There is no such changes in the competitive approaches of Zandu balm, more over this product can be used promoted anytime in the year unlike Vicks Vaporub 11. How do you regularly track major competitors’ activities? The competitors activities can tracked through: * Websites-look at its home page to see if they have made changes to the way they describe their products and services. * News Columns * Trade Shows/Event Sponsorship 11. 9 The reasons customers buy from us:- 1. They want to feel better: * Alleviate symptoms from 4 primary conditions * Cure to cause 2. Low price sensitivity: * Generics are 30%-50% cheaper and have less than 10% share * There is perceived differentiation: this reduces customers’ price sensitivity 3. Convenience * Purchase from nearest store. 1. 10 The Buying process adopted by different customers you cater to? Its can purchased from nearest retail or medical store. 11. 11 Is there seasonality of buying your product(s). Yes our product thrives on seasonality. At the time of its launch vicks Vaporub had been promoted mainly as a winter remedy and had been pushed mostly in winter, simply because the incidence of cold was greatest in that season However later on research showed the people were equally susceptible to colds in the monsoon, Therefore to tap this opportunity, Vicks vapoub was also recommended as remedy for â€Å"monsoon cold†. 1. 12 How customers use the product? VapoRub can be applied to the chest or throat (for congestion relief)or back or to sore muscles (to increase circulation). (For external use only) Market Segmentation: Dividing a market into smaller groups with distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviors who might require separate products of marketing mixes. Variables that might be used in segmenting consumer markets are geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioral. What basis of Segmentation does P&G use to differentiate the Vicks? Geographic segmentation: Proctor and Gamble have existence in 80 countries worldwide where Vicks have its market and these includes countries from North and South America, Europe, Middle East, Asia and some countries of equatorial region. Pakistan, China, India and Russia are the major countries of Asia where proctor and gamble sold Vicks. Demographic Segmentation: Age: Vicks is used by almost all ages of people. Gender: Vicks is used by both males and females. Income: People of low income to people of high income can all afford Vicks. Psychographic Segmentation: Person belonging to any social class either he/she is from lower or even he/she is from higher and person of any life style and personality can use Vicks for cough, cold, flu, chest cold, chest congestion and sinus symptoms. Behavioral Segmentation: Vicks are often used by the people on special occasions when they are suffering from cough, cold, flu, chest cold, chest conjestion and sinus symptoms. Target segment: The target market for Vicks Vaporub is children. Knowing that the typical Indian family centered around the child and also realizing that the health of the child was the prime concern of the parent, Vicks Vaporubwas positioned as a rub for the Childs cold. This was felt to be the best way of getting it into the homes. Besides, this meant further distinguishes it from a balm, because a balm was much stronger and therefore preferred for adults, Vicks Vaporub’s Milder Formulation was suited for children. Positioning Vicks of Vaporub: In the early 1950’s when Richhardson Merrel first looked at it ,the balm market in india seemed promising for Vicks Vaporub. Since the†Balm Market† was fairly extensive in India, specially in south india ,the company expected little resistance to the introduction of the product. All that needed was to sell Vicks Vaporub as a balm. At that time balm market consisted of mainly four or five brands with amrutanjan as the accepted leader. The question was whether it should take a plunge against leader? or should it carve out itself a different niche? Whereas in rest of the parts of the world Vicks was positioned has a distinct position in other markets all over the world as â€Å"a rub for cold†. However technically the formula of Vicks Vaporub did not prevent its use as a multi-purpose ointment. The final decision was however to position it as a rub for cold. Though the company realized this definition would limit its use; nevertheless, it decided to go ahead as it would bring the product into sharper focus. Knowing that the typical Indian family centered around the child and also realizing that the health of the child was the prime concern of the parent, Vicks Vaporub was positioned as a rub for the Childs cold. This was felt to be the best way of getting it into the homes. Besides,this meant further distinguishes it from a balm, because a balm was much stronger and therefore preferred for adults,Vicks Vaporub’s Milder Formulation was suited for children. The company also knew that it would be very frustrating for parents when the child could not sleep and lay awake throughout the night . Therefore,while other Balms were used at all the times of the day, Vicks Vaporub was specifically positioned as a rub for a child’s cold to be used in night. Finally Vicks Vaporubwas positioned for use on the â€Å"nose, throat, chest, all over the back, â€Å"and this became the integral part of the Vaporub message. Though the positioning of Vicks Vapourb in india was very similar to whet was being done in other countries,a proper understanding of the Indian environment contributed substantially to the success of Vicks Vaporub. All over the world Vicks Vaporub had been promoted mainly as a winter remedy and had been pushed mostly in winter, simply because the incidence of cold was greatest in that season. This pattern was fallowed in india in the early stages. Later,research showed that people were equally susceptible to colds in monsoon. therefore, to tap this opportunity,Vicks Vaporub was recommended as a remedy for† monsoon cold† a special set of advertisement was built around this â€Å"monsoon cold†(getting wet in the rain,sneezing,cold, etc) RHL attributed the success of Vicks Vaporub in India to proper initial positioning having once introduced Vicks Vaporub into homes by appealing to the parents ‘concerns for the health of their child,its was later recommended for use by adults too. Years later after the product had already established in the Indian household, Brand managers made some modification in the original definition of Vicks Vaporub positioning has a multi-purpose ointment, for obvious reason of broadening the target group, besides research showed that adults were also using Vicks Vaporub,Futher,lay time use was also recommended. Even though some ingredients and attributes of Vicks Vaporub were similar to those of its competitors such as Zandu Balm and amrutanjan, differential advantages was secured through positioning strategy. It was differentiated by: (a) Target user:Child (b) Usage occasion: Colds (c) Manner and time of application: at night, on the nose, throat, chest and back. 15. 0 Product Mix of Vicks: VicksVapoRub-Is a Decongestant Vaporizing Ointment for topical use. – Ayurvedic medicine. Vicks CoughDrops-Is a Cough Drop that provides relief from throat irritation. Ayurvedic medicine. VicksAction500Extra-Is a Colds Medicine for relief of multiple cold symptoms such as blocked nose (nasal congestion), headache, bodyache, sore throat pain and associated lethargy. Vicks Inhaler- Inhaler for a feeling of relief from stuffy nose. Ayurvedic medicine. It is easy to carry in a pocket or purse. Provides fast and temporary feeling of relief from stuffy nose. Inhale deeply to make breathing feel clear and cool. Vicks VapoCool-This is the latest offering from Vicks in India. Launched in Oct 2011, it is a new premium throat drop specially formulated to provide 2 way relief which soothes the throat and relieves blocked nose at the same time. It is currently available in two flavours viz. Menthol & Peppermint. 5. 1 Is your business is dependent on one product or service for over 80 percent of profit. No, our business is not on one product; however our business mainly depends on Vicks Vaporub, Vicks Cough drops and followed by Vicks inhaler. 15. 2 How easy are your products or services to copy? Its is very easy to copy most of products of business, Moreover the product ingredients are well know ayurvedhic constituents. A research study by A. C. Nielsen int roduced that sales of Vicks look-alike products equaled the sales of the genuine brands. P & G initiated action against the manufacturers of look-alike Vicks Vaporub & Lozenges. Thecompany obtained an injunction from the court & with the assistance of court representatives & advocates. It conducted raids on the premise of the fake manufacturer  & sized products valued at Rs. 3. 5 million. These included look-alikes vaporising rubbing marketed under the brand name Vikas cough drops under the name Venus & aMenthol drop under the name Super plus 5 15. What is the extent of product differentiation you have achieved for your range of product/services? Over the years there has been a very minimal product differentiation in it products however Vicks caters mainly to cold and symptoms of it through most of its own products in different forms such as: Vaporub, Inhaler, cough drops, Capsules (Vicks Action 500) 15. 4 What proportion of your product/service range is in each phase of life cycle? The stage through which individual products develop over time is commonly known as â₠¬Å"product life cycle†. All of the products of Vicks has reached the maturity stage and also the industry has reached the maturity phase (i. e. ) most profit is earned by the market as a whole. At this stage Research and Development is likely to be restricted to product modification and improvement and perh aps to improve production efficiency and quality. Product(Industry) Life cycle: All the products and the industry has achieved Maturity. 15. 5 Do your product / services benefits match customer’s needs or are there gaps? List your products features and benefits and compare them to customer needs. First of all our product is not a feature based product, however some of the noteworthy features based on convenience sampling on sample size of 20 here are the results we obtained: Features: Quick Relief Benefits: Helps consumer get rid of cold symptoms very soon. Customer Needs: At time it is very frustrating for a person suffering from cold symptoms such as blocked nose or congested chest,and will be in need for product that reliefs such problems as soon as possible, consumers belive that Vicks helps them in such cases. Features :Quality Benefits: Trust on the product and its benefits Customer Needs: Consumers’ trust on the brand for their value for money and also free of any side affect. Features: Availability (Ease of purchase) Benefits: available at convenience of the customer. Customer Needs: Incase the customer is in urgent need of the product it can be available at the nearest retail or medical store. Such is the distribution channel of Vicks. 15. 6 How important is service, warranty and so on? No question about service or warranty 5. 7 How important is packaging? Packaging is important; however it has remained the same for many years with predominantly blue colour. 15. 8 How is your product perceived in relation to competitive offerings? Yourself(5) Major competitors(5) Price 4 2 Our product is very cheap compared to our major competitor. Eg: 25ml Box of Vicks Vaporub-Rs 38. 00, whereas 25ml box of zandu Balm Rs 70. 00 Performance 4 3 Packaging : 4 ( Attractive) 2 Reliability : 4 (especially for Children) 3 Durability : 4 (Best before 2 years) 3(Best before 18 months) Quality : 4 3 After sales service/ N/A N/A Maintenance N/A N/A Guarantees : N/A N/A Promotion/Advertising: During monsoon and winter Anytime of the year Image : 4 3 15. 9 What product modification and change have your competitors introduced in last one year. Recently Emami ltd. tarted reviving its over-the-counter (OTC) healthcare business under the Zandu brand through brand re-launches and investing in its distribution system, packaging and marketing campaign. Products like popular pain reliever Zandu Balm are being re-launched and price being increased. Pricing: * MRP of vicks vaporub is as fallows * 10 ml: Rs22 * 25 ml: Rs45 * 50ml:Rs 79 A profitable venture of Proctor & Gamble, Vicks Vaporub has established itself as a market leader in Vaporub segment and gives tough competition to certain products in other segments also. The distinct niche it has created in the market is because of the fact that the company realizes its position as a market leader and thus the formulation of policies accordingly. To speak of them, it is important to appreciate its inherent advantage as a Proctor & Gamble product. The fact is that P & G believes in exploiting its resources and putting them to their maximum usage. Their entire marketing strategy is based upon its principle (to speak exclusively in the Indian context) and thus they have only one marketing channel for all its products. This is to say that the same set of dealers for its products who market them all and thus the cost of marketing each product is saved in terms of distribution cost. The distribution channel follows five levels, give in detail below: * Manufacturer (P & G health and hygiene) * Super Distributer * Distributer * Dealer/Retailer * Customer Vicks Vaporub or for that matter no product of Vicks does not have a separate market channel for itself. All products are marketed by one single marketing channel, organized and regulated by one company namely, Proctor and Gamble Hygiene Products Ltd. The commission for each intermediatory is as follows. (i) Dealer – 16% (ii) Distributor – 4% (iii) Super Distributor – 1 – 1. 5% What is here important to note that the person who actually sells the product to the consumer gets the maximum i. e. 16% on the sale of the product The distributor, who makes the goods available to the dealer gets 4% i. e. one-forth of the share of the dealer Also this fact has to be understood in the light of the peculiar fact of the existence of a Super Distributor. In our context, this implies the actual link between the company and the distributors. Generally there are only One or two of super distributors in each state, depending upon the size and demand in the state. These super distributors are bulk distributors and actually account for the market building of Vicks or P & G products as any increase in market share of Vicks or and increase in demand in The market earns them handsome incentives for Vicks. Thus without actually getting into the hassles of dealing with local dealers and distributors, Vicks actually gets a higher share in market by using the area specific knowledge of these super distributors. (3. Another factor in this distribution channel is the presence of hoarders. Now these hoarders are none else but what we call as black marketers they are not specific to Vicks but in general hoard all products in the commodity segment especially the FMCGs. These cause great problems in the assessment of real demand of the consumers and the real consumption of the products. They store the goods in great bulks and lead to art ificial scarcity of products, thus raising the prices. P & G has found an effective reply to this situation by the Designing of their super distributor system. They being aware of the local peculiarities Effectively deal with the hoarding effect and do not allow the company to suffer on these counts. (4. ) The collection of order from the local dealers is a task left upon the MRs (Medical Representatives) who collect orders and report to the distributors, who also employ them for this purpose. The advantage of being an non prescribed drug, the cost of giving samples to the doctors is saved considerably. (5. ) Then again, the segregation of the orders received through MRs and direct orders is considerable. It is estimated that about 50 to 60 percent of the entire supply of Vicks Vaporub is through this MR route. The rest is in the form of direct purchase of the dealers (which comprises a significant portion of the sales volume) from the super distributor. In this manner, they not only gain on the count of the commission of the distributor but also get two fold advantage. First they can negotiate on whole sale prices on account of bulk purchase and secondly they can also negotiate upon the transport and delivery upon their own terms to them by the super distributor. 6. ) That Vicks does not count solely upon its share as a market leader. It is aware of the presence of other competitors and thus it has not remained static in terms of its promotional strategy and has also simultaneously been incumbent upon increasing its market share by indulging into intensive promotions strategies such as free Vicks Inhaler along with Vicks Vaporub, discounts, 20% extra on each pack of 50g. Each and oth er offers. Thus it has constantly tried to lure the consumers to stay with it while penetrating the market in to deeper. (7. Vicks has been posed as the Health Care Brand of P & G India. Through this, P & G has sought to present both its market leaders and having a distinct aim and objective and thus sought to gain recognition of the product in the eyes of the consumer. The effect, accordingly, has been that the consumers have sought to rely on Vicks as a part and parcel of their daily lives as such. In almost each and every household, a pack of Vicks Vaporub can be located. Customer Price sensitivity Vicks Vaporub comes in three types of packs * 10 ml: Rs22 * 25 ml: Rs45 * 50ml:Rs 79 As per our interview with retailer the most preferred of these is the 25ml pack, An average of 10 packs will gets sold every week in a particular store. Vicks vaporub is the market leader in this segment; however the nearest competitor is Zandu balm which is very expensive comapared to Vicks Vaporub. 25ml pack of Zandu Balm is priced at Rs70. Vicks Vaporub has very hardcore loyalty among customers, It is in very rare situation that incase Vicks Vaporub is not available the customers go Zandu Balm or Amrutanjan Customer price sensitivity plays a very minimal role in this case. For example: If the price of 25 ml pack Vick Vaporub is increased by 10%, the resulting price of Rs49. 5 is still very low compared to its nearest competitor Zandu Balm which is priced at Rs70. The price of Vicks Vaporub will still remain lesser that of Zandu Balm even if the prices of Vicks Vaporub is increased by 50% at the present situation. Promotional mix of Vicks Vaporub: Advertisement through radio, television and other kinds of media such as facebook and twitter along with, promotions are primary promotional mix for Vicks Vaporub. Media Plan & message: Vicks Vaporub: â€Å"We don’t sell Vicks Vaporub, we sell mother’s love. Over the years, Vicks has launched various heart-tugging ad campaigns that have struck an emotional chord and left an impact of love and care for which the brand stands. According to a P;G spokesperson, â€Å"Ever since its launch in India in 1952, Vicks Vaporub was strategically positioned as a child cold rub, and all communication to consumers, employees, trade etc. has always centered round the mother child loving relationship. † The brand surely reigns supreme on the trust parameter, which no competitor can take away from Vicks. The effect, accordingly, has been that the consumers have sought to rely on Vicks as a part and parcel of their daily lives as such. In almost each and every household, a pack of Vicks Vaporub can be located. And what is important to note is that where it is not present, consumers still refer the other ointments (which they use) as Vicks only. By this it can be understood as to how dominating the effect of Vicks has been. Vicks VapoRub has endeared itself to the Indian consumer and finds its place in every Indian home, due to its proven performance over the years against cold. According to the company P;G, â€Å"We don’t sell Vicks VapoRub, we sell mother’s love. The Vicks portfolio caters to different consumer needs and Vicks has become an integral part of every home and family in India. The consumer-brand relationship has been built over many years of trust and care and Vicks has lived up to its promise of a superior quality cough and cold relief product that consumers can enjoy for another fifty years and many more, to come. Vicks will last as long as Mother’s love lasts. † Present media plan for vicks vaporub: Background: As per 2010-2011 annual report, The Vicks Cough Drops business had an excellent Year, with the brand growing at 18%. The growth was driven by increased investment on proven advertising and driving awareness of flavors by using other relevant touch points for the Brand like radio and wall-painting, which increased consumption further. Given the passion for cricket among its consumers, the Brand also executed a first ever cricket focused program with the launch of ‘Vicks Cricket Jockey Hunt’ spread over 16 top cities in the Country. A penchant for talking incessantly and passion or the cricket†¦ let the jockeying begin! Vicks Cough Drops announced the launch of the nation's first ever Cricket Jockey Hunt – a unique concept that sweeps the nation in search of the ultimate cricket fan who conveys his passion for the sport in his wittiest and quirkiest best! Gracing the event with their presence were none other than two of Indian cricket's most famous and distinct ive personalities – Harsha Bhogle ; Mandira Bedi. All of us in our day to day lives have experienced throat irritation which may appear minor at the outset but has an indelible impact. Fortunately, Vicks Cough Drops has been our trusty companion providing long lasting relief from throat irritation. As Vicks Cough Drops arms people with the thrilling equipment of being able to talk for long hours, the Cricket Jockey Hunt aims to bring forth the scintillating combination of jockeying with the nation's passion cricket. Speaking about the Vicks Cricket Jockey Hunt, Harsha Bhogle said, â€Å"The Vicks Cricket Jockey Hunt is a distinctive platform for all cricket fans that have an inclination and skill for cricket to come forward and explore their talents. There is huge potential in our country and I urge all those who have the skill set to participate. This is a platform that I could only wish was available back in my day. I am very anxious about the contest and look forward to mentoring the participants. † Each week the contestant will go through a series of eliminations to reach the final levels of the Top 8 followed by the Top 3 followed by the grand declaration of the Ultimate Vicks Cricket Jockey in each of these 16 cities. However Vicks VapoRub had a continued strong volume growth driven by continued focus on the successful ‘blanket of warmth’ advertising via augmented media spend and on our ongoing strategy of upsizing consumers to drive consumption. However this year Vicks has come up with very innovative campaign on its face book page: Vicks India that claims to be the No. 1 brand for cough and cold, is on a mission to create the ultimate anthem for India’s cricket team and wants the community to be a part of it. Brands are forever catching up on the cricket fever in a nation of cricket fanatics. With the T20 World Cup round the corner, Vicks India has commenced on the creation of an anthem to cheer the Indian team called ‘Cheer for Champions’. ‘Cheer for Champions’ is an endeavour to unite all of India in their support of the national cricket team. Currently in the process of being composed by much sought after music composer, Ranjit Barot, Vicks India also wants the community to be a part of it. For when one voice has power, you can imagine what a whole nation united by a single cheer could do. And for adding to the cheer, fans can expect exciting incentives – 25 surprise gift hampers and if you submit your cheer in a group of 5, 2 of the best group video submissions can win a trip to the T20 World Cup in Sri Lanka! ‘Cheer for Champions’ can be accessed on a neat and comprehensive Facebook app on the Vicks India page with four tabs – Home, Submit your Cheer, Gallery and About the Anthem. A user who lands up on the Home page can find all about the anthem and what’s in it for him/her. The countdown to the anthem is displayed on a live ticker in terms of days, hours and minutes left. The submission showcase displays a gallery of selected submissions made to the anthem as entries are subject to moderation so as to avoid the use of strong language. You can submit a cheer in whatever way you wish to show your passion – a yell, a scream, a chorus, a song! There are 3 ways to submit your entry: Record through your webcam, Record on audio clip or Upload an audio or video file of not more than 30 seconds duration. You can keep watching the ‘about the anthem’ tab for ongoing developments around the anthem. About the ‘Cheer for champions’ anthem The concept of creating an anthem to cheer for the nation is not all that great but getting your community to join in is. It helps bring in the social aspect into this campaign. Roping in the community to create an anthem, a community song or an ad jingle is the trend now. Its also reminds us of a similar campaign launched in the beginning of this year to salute real life heroes. Hero MotoCorp had launched the ‘Billion Voices’ campaign along with A. R. Rahman, where fans were invited to upload a video with them singing the ‘Hum mein hain hero‘ jingle and get a chance to feature in the final video. Apart from the campaign a new advertisement was released recently ,given the passion for cricket among the Indian users,none other than Virat Kohli was roped in for the advertisement, only this time it was for both Vicks cough syrup as well as for vicks vaporub. Given that Vicks Vaporub is not only used by children but adults as well ,roping in Virat kohli will be another strategic move in promotional mix by including the game cricket in its message. The VapoRub segment in the market is dominated by Vicks VapoRub in India. Vicks commands a market share of over 60% in the cold balm/rub category. This industry is already saturated and Vicks already being a dominant it has few competitors on cold/rub market, mainly zandu balm and Amrutajan. however it has also lost a small amount of share to some of the unbranded products as well. Competitors Its main competitors are Emami’s Zandu balm having a market share of 27% and amrutanjan with 10% share, however the rest of the share is occupied by other branded and un branded competitors. Therefore Zandu balm is our major competitor although Zandu Balm is not meant technically understood as a part of the VapoRub Segment yet because of similar characteristics it does compete with VapoRub products in areas and thus it has to be provided for as a competitor in the VapoRub segment PEST ANALYSIS: Political factor: We all know that ‘OTC Drugs' in common jargon means drugs which are legally allowed to be sold Over the Counter without the prescription of a Registered Medical Practitioner. The term is clumsy and creates a wrong impression about the official status of the drugs. In India, import, manufacture for sale and the sale and distribution of drugs and cosmetics is regulated by the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its subordinate legislation Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945. The phrase ‘Over the Counter' and its abbreviation ‘OTC' preparations have no legal recognition and are better referred to as ‘non-prescription drugs' and/or as ‘household remedies', even if there is any problem with respect to any product of Vicks VapoRub the p&g will take care of it literally.. Economic factors: Factors such as tax increase or fuel price fluctuation will affect the business or allow competition to creep in, However Vicks has tackled such problems in the past by considerably reducing its cost of marketing and distribution. Moreover the loyal customers will still buy it not only because it is comparatively lesser priced but because they know it is quality, best value for price the pay to buy it Social factors: When used as directed, the over-the-counter cold remedy Vicks VapoRub is generally considered to be safe. Mayo Clinic's Dr. Jay L. Hoecker regards Vicks VapoRub as a harmless remedy, but notes a lack of conclusive evidence to support its folk use as a nasal decongestant. The active ingredients in Vicks VapoRub include menthol, camphor and eucalyptus oil, which are natural products associated with few side effects. Nevertheless, Vicks VapoRub may trigger complications if it is used incorrectly. In a January 2009 report, the American College of Chest Physicians cited a case-report involving an 18-month-old girl who experienced near-fatal respiratory problems after inhaling Vicks VapoRub. Technological factor Rate of innovation is very low, since the constituents of the products are more or less similar from the time it had been launched. Sales of Vicks VapoRub mainly depend on advertisements and promotions. These products are used for the cough, headache and throat pain and so the products should be designed very carefully with improved technology. There are various products coming in the market and there are various biotechnologies coming up which is still a nourishing the industry Growth rate According to a survey done by ORG IMS estimate the OTC market in india would show rates of about 10-12%, Of the entire OTC market the segment for cough, cold and fever show the least of about 1%. Marketing mix Vicks VapoRub is a product that has already reached maturity stage of its product life cycle in segment where the industry also has reached maturity stage. The marketing mix during this stage involves efforts to build customer loyalty, typically accomplished with special promotions and incentives to customers who switch from a competitor to our brand. Core Competency: Favorable quality perceptions associated with the Vicks brands. Given the absence of verifiable information that customers can interpret, customers use brands to form inferences about product quality. Vicks’ favorable quality perceptions result from the following cues (each of which are hard for new entrants to mimic): †¢ Age of brand †¢ Market share †¢ Amount of advertising †¢ Your mother rubbing it on your chest Well-established sales force and distribution †¢ Comparative advantage in food distribution outlets and mass merchandisers †¢ Not valuable in segments that shop in other markets Demand information – Cash †¢ But competitors also have cash. Key success factors: Vicks VapoRub has to encash the factors making it competitively superior i. e. (i) safe and effective, (ii) as a product which can be used regularly and has no side effects, (iii) is easier to carry, (iv) has a quick effect, (v) has a external application and thus has no side effects, (vi) is useful for all ages, (vii) is less greasy and smells better (than other products of the same type) . New Market Existing | | | | New Product Existing Product: Product is remained the same for many years with minimal changes, however it should remain to continue the way it is, given below is Ansoff matrix for Vicks s,currently all of the products are doing well with cough drops having 18% growth last year. Vicks VapoRub lies category of Old product and old market. we have to either find methods to increase market penetration at this stage ,mainly we have to concentrate on promotions as well. More over we can find the possibilities of introduction of new product or re-launch of existing product with new product modifications. Vicks offers product for relief from cold and its symptoms through various product forms such as in the form of Vaporub,capsules,Inhaler, Cough Drops, However Vicks was also offered in the form of liquid know as Vicks cough formula 44,However the product failed and it was dropped from Vick’s product portfolio. Hence we have the competency of offering Vicks in the form of liquid as well by relaunching a new product itself once again. On further survey we can judge the feasibility of implementation for such a product. Price: Increased demand from Parma and other consuming industries mainly have been the cause for the recent increase the prices of menthol which is a major ingredient of Vicks Vaporub . The increased prices of Menthol will surely have affect on the cost of production of Vicks Vaporub. Factors such as tax increase or fuel price fluctuation will affect the business or allow competition to creep in, However Vicks has tackled such problems in the past by considerably reducing its cost of marketing and distribution. Moreover the loyal customers will still buy it not only because it is comparatively lesser priced but because they know it is quality, best value for price the pay to buy it. We would recommend Vicks to continue with its current prices, As per our interview with dealers majority of the people who purchased vicks vaporub preferred the 25-ml box costing Rs 45,moreover there was an average sale of atleast 10 boxes per week at places we interviewed . Channel: Vicks VapoRub or for that matter no product of Vicks does not have a separate market channel for itself. All products are marketed by one single marketing channel, organized and regulated by one company namely, Proctor and Gamble Hygiene Products Ltd The commission for the dealer for sale of one product at as per secondary data was found to be up to about 16%,however the dealers we interviewed that they get above 10% We would like to recommend Vicks Vaporub should continue to give the margin of 10%-16% to the dealers. This shall protect them against the inducement of the manufacturers of local and unbranded products to sell their products Promotion: As monsoon rains are already set in and winter about to begin in very soon, Vicks VapoRub must concentrate more on promotions. The primary promotional mix of advertisement through television and radio should be continued along with use of new media such as facebook and twitter for a two way interaction with the consusmers, that also helps in providing feedback to the company as well to measure the results of a particular online promotions or campaign. The recent â€Å"Cheers for Champ† is catching on heat with the T20 world cup around the corner. .